[Polymer-metal complexes of the Mycobacterium protein antigen prevent the dissemination of postvaccinal infection in the T-deficiency state]. / Polimermetallicheskie kompleksy belkovogo antigena mikobakterii predotvrashchaiut disseminatsiiu postvaktsinal'noi infektsii pri T-defitsitnom sostoianii.

Primary obtained triple highly immunogenetic complex consists of nonimmunogenic protein antigen, isolated from the BCG, nontoxic polyelectrolyte and bivalent cuprum ions. Immunization with this complex provides high immunoprotection in the experimented B mice (T-deficit mice) from lethal dissemination BCG. Inoculation of single components of the complex has no protection. Result of these experiments suggest that antigen-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained on the basis of nonimmunogenic protein fraction of the tuberculosis bacilli show the properties of a thymus-independent immunization preparations, and provide immune defense in the T-cell deficit of the immune system.

Polymer-metal complexes of protein antigens--new highly effective immunogens.

The mechanism of interaction of the copolymers N-vinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone-maleic anhydride with bovine serum albumin, influenza virus total surface antigen (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase), and the BCG protein fraction in the presence of divalent copper ions was investigated. Novel water-soluble triple polymer-metal complexes of the above protein antigens were formed. These complexes showed high immunogenicity and conferred high levels of immunological protection. Study of the replication of pathogenic influenza A virus in animal lungs showed that, in mice immunised with the triple complex containing surface glycoprotein influenza virus A antigens, reproduction of the homologous virus was sharply inhibited, and immunisation of B mice, exhibiting pronounced T-cell deficiency, with complexes containing the BCG protein fraction ensured development of a high level of protection with respect to BCG infection.

Influenza virus antigens conjugated with a synthetic polyelectrolyte: a novel model of vaccines.

Haemagglutinin (HA), a mixture of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase (HA + NA), and matrix (M) protein were isolated from the influenza A virus and covalently coupled to a synthetic polyelectrolyte (P). A single injection into mice of the resultant conjugates (virogates) brought about efficient stimulation of the primary immune response specific to the corresponding viral antigens. Mice immunized with virogates HA.P or (HA + NA).P were largely protected against a lethal challenge infection with homologous virus. Immunization of mice with M.P virogate containing M protein originated from a 1934 influenza strain resulted in pronounced protection against a lethal challenge infection with a 1980 strain. Virogates are discussed as a novel model of artificial vaccines.

[Relation of the immunogenicity of artificial antigens to the number of polyelectrolyte-bound protein molecules]. / Zavisimost' immunogennosti iskusstvennykh antigenov ot kolichestva sviazannykh poliélektrolitom belkovykh molekul.

Complexes and covalent conjugates of protein antigens with polyelectrolytes of different molecular mass have been synthesised. The structure and composition of the resulting water-soluble complex particles were determined. Artificial antigen immunogenicity was shown to depend on the amount of protein molecules complexed with polyelectrolytes. Direct correlation between immunostimulating activity of the polymer-carrier, immunogenicity of complex antigens and size-dependent capacity of the polymer molecule to aggregate protein globules has been established.

[Enhancement of the immune response to surface antigens of the influenza B virus as a result of their covalent binding with a synthetic polymer carrier]. / Usilenie immunnogo otveta k poverkhnostnym antigenam virusa grippa v rezul'tate ikh kovalentnogo sviazyvaniia s sinteticheskim polimerom-nosi-telem.

The primary immune response (the number of antibody-forming cells, AFC) and the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTHS) were studied in mice immunized either with isolated glycoproteins of influenza virus (hemagglutinin, HA and HA plus neuraminidase, HA plus NA) or with their conjugates with an acrylic acid copolymer (CP) and N-vinylpyrrolidone of equimolar composition. Immunization of mice with conjugates containing virus proteins (virogates-HA-CP or HA plus NA-CP--entailed a 50-100 increment of the number of IgM- and IgG-AFC, anti-HA as compared with analogous parameters during immunization of animals with isolated virus proteins. Immunization of mice with the virogate HA-CP gives rise to the development of a more pronounced DTHS to HA. The authors discuss the possibility of the use of this basically new approach to the design of highly immunogenous vaccine preparations, effective in the control of influenza and other virus diseases.

[Effect on helper activity of synthetic polyelectrolytes introduced into an in vitro system of interacting macrophages and thymus cells]. / Vliianie na khelpernuiu aktivnost' sinteticheskikh poliélektrolitov, vvedennykh v sistemu in vitro vzaimodeistvuiushchikh makrofagov i kletok timusa.

Our experiments have shown that the joint incubation of thymocytes and syngeneic macrophages in vitro for 60 minutes is accompanied by a certain increase in the helper activity of thymocytes. The presence of polyacrylic acid or the copolymer of acrylic acid and N-vinyl-pyrrolidone, containing 56 mol% of acrylic acid, in this system ensures a considerable increase in the helper activity of thymocytes, incubated jointly with marrow cells and sheep red blood cells and then transferred into a cell culture in vivo.

[Mechanism of immunosuppression in carcinogenesis. I. Contact interaction of macrophages with T-lymphocytes in the dynamics of tumor growth]. / Mekhanizm immunosupressii pri kantserogeneze. Soobshchenie I. Kontaktnoe vzaimodeistvie makrofagov s T-limfotsitami v dinamike opukholevogo rosta.

The suppression of the "grape-forming" activity of macrophages has been shown to occur in the process of the development of tumor growth under the conditions of in vitro culture, which seems to be one of the important factors ensuring the "deficit" state in the population of mature lymphocytes.

[Effect of synthetic polyelectrolytes on T- and B-cell cooperation after immunization of different genotype mice with artificial antigen (T, G)-A-L]. / Vliianie sinteticheskikh poliélektrolitov na kooperatsiiu T- i B-kletok pri immunizatsii myshei raznykh genotipov iskusstvennym antigenom (T, G)-A-L.

Interstrain differences in the primary immune response to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A-L were disclosed at the level of IgM plaque-forming cells in the adoptive transfer system. Immunization of low responder mice with poly-4-vinylpyridine or polyacrylic acid in conjunction with bone marrow and thymus cells enhanced the immune response up the level of high responders, manifesting in anti-(T,G)-A-L immune response phenotypic correction. These data obtained for the first time denote the possibility of a specific Ir-gene-controlled immune response to be corrected by synthetic polyelectrolytes.

[Polyclonal activation of B-lymphocytes by synthetic polyelectrolytes]. / Poliklonal'naia aktivatsiia B-limfotsitov sinteticheskimi poliélektrolitami.

A study was made of the ability of polyacrylic acid, poly-4-vinylpyridine, and the copolymers 4-vinylpyridine and 4-vinyl-N-alkylpyridinium bromides with side hydrocarbonic radicals of varying length to induce in mice of different strains B-cell differentiation into the plaque-forming cells without antigenic stimulation. The polyelectrolytes have been shown to favour the transformation of B lymphocytes to the cells that secrete polyclonal antibodies, i.e. to be polyclonal activators of B lymphocytes. B lymphocyte differentiation induced by the polyelectrolytes does not depend on T cells and is liable to genetic restriction.

[Modification of the immune response by using an antigen bound to synthetic polyelectrolytes]. / Modifikatsiia immunnogo otveta pri pomoshchi antigena, sviazannogo s neprirodnymi poliélektrolitami.

The immunogenic properties of the soluble complexes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and synthetic polyelectrolytes were studied. The polyelectrolytes used in these complexes were 4-vinyl-N-ethylpyridinium bromide and 4-vinyl-N-cetylpyridinium bromide (complex I), 4-vinylpyridine and 4-vinyl-N-acetylpyridinium bromide (complex II). C57BL mice were immunized with different doses of BSA, complexes I and II introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection, and the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen was determined by modified Jerne's test with the use of BSA-covered sheep red blood cells. The above complexes were shown to stimulate the production of PFC against BSA 50-100 times more intensively than pure BSA. The mixtures of BSA with the above-mentioned polyelectrolytes stimulated PFC production to a considerably lesser extent. Thus, the polymeric part of these conjugates was not an antigen, but served as a carrier inducing pronounced immune response to the antigenic (protein) part of the complex.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿

[Stem cells and T- and B-lymphocytes in acute hypoxia]. / Stvolovye kletki, T- i B-limfotsity pri ostroi gipoksii.

During the stepped rapid training of mice for hypoxia the number of colony-forming units in the blood and bone marrow increases and that in the spleen falls down. In acute hypoxic hypoxia there is an enhancement of the migration of stem hemopoietic cells and B-lymphocytes from the bone marrow and T-lymphocytes from the thymus.