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1.
Congenit Anom (Kyoto) ; 60(3): 82-86, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31373055

ABSTRACT

Auditory hypersensitivity in autism is frequently observed in clinics. Dysfunction in the auditory brainstem has been suspected. We have established autism model rats using prenatal thalidomide exposure. Here we investigated whether abnormal response occurs in the brainstem following sound stimulus in autism model rats. Autism model rats were prepared by prenatal exposure to thalidomide on embryonic days 9 and 10 in pregnant rats. Then, the animals were exposed to 16-kHz pure tone auditory stimulus and c-Fos immunostaining was performed to examine the neuronal activity on postnatal day 49 to 51. Following sound stimulus, increased number of c-Fos-positive neurons was observed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of autism model rats compared with the control rats. These results suggest that prenatal thalidomide might cause altered processing of auditory stimulus, leading to the characteristics of auditory hypersensitivity in autism.


Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Autistic Disorder/complications , Brain Stem/pathology , Hyperacusis/pathology , Neurons/pathology , Thalidomide/toxicity , Animals , Autistic Disorder/chemically induced , Female , Hyperacusis/etiology , Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Wistar
2.
Exp Dermatol ; 24(3): 227-9, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25641045

ABSTRACT

We have demonstrated for the first time that a second-generation antihistamine ameliorates nocturnal scratching behavior in atopic dermatitis patients using a modified wristwatch-type acoustic scratching counting system that we have recently developed. We also analyzed the sleep quality by simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram, and found that sleep quality was unaffected.


Subject(s)
Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/therapeutic use , Olopatadine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use , Pruritus/drug therapy , Sleep Stages/physiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/complications , Double-Blind Method , Electroencephalography , Humans , Pruritus/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Visual Analog Scale
3.
J Dermatol ; 41(3): 233-8, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24506694

ABSTRACT

Quantitative analysis of itching in patients with itching dermatitis including atopic dermatitis (AD) is indispensable for the evaluation of disease activity and response to therapy. However, the objective evaluation system for itching is limited. We have developed a new objective and quantitative scratching behavior detection system using a wristwatch-type sound detector. The scratch sound detected on the wrist is recorded on a personal computer through a filtering, squaring and smoothing process by specific hardware. Subsequently, the data is automatically processed and judged for the scratching movement using specific software based on the periodicity and energy of the signal. Twenty-four measurements for healthy volunteers and those with AD by this system were evaluated by comparison with a simultaneously recorded video analysis system. The ratio of scratching time in sleeping time evaluated by these two systems was almost identical. The healthy subjects scratched their skin approximately 2 min during 6 h of sleeping time, while the mean scratching time of AD subjects was 24 min in their sleeping time. In contrast to the time-consuming video analysis system, this system takes only several minutes for evaluation of an overnight record. This scratch sound detection system is expected to serve as a new objective evaluation tool for itching dermatitis, namely, AD, and development of anti-itch therapies for dermatitis.


Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/psychology , Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation , Pruritus/psychology , Humans , Sound Spectrography
4.
Life Sci ; 79(22): 2144-50, 2006 Oct 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16914167

ABSTRACT

Scratching is an essential and a skin specific behavior induced by itching, which is a common symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD) and other types of dermatitis. Itching sensation and scratching are closely associated and thus scratching times are currently used for evaluating itching in animal models. However, objective measuring systems of scratching to assess the grade of dermatitis and the effectiveness of anti-pruritic drugs in animal dermatitis models are lacking. To investigate a quantitative evaluation system for itching, we have developed a novel acoustic scratching counting system and compared its accuracy with time-consuming slow-motion video recording system. We have also objectively evaluated the efficacy of an antihistamine using this novel system. Scratching behavior of an AD model mouse (K14 driven IL-18 transgenic mouse) was recorded visually and acoustically. Specific scratching sound produced by mice was recorded and counted using a software we have developed, and the results obtained using our acoustic system were not statistically different from data obtained using slow motion video system. Surprisingly, mice scratched more than 10 times/second, which was invisibly rapid motion and revealed inaccuracy of conventional hand counting system. Results were identical to that of measured by 10 times time costing slow-motion video analysis. The antihistamine is clearly effective for suppression of scratching as demonstrated using this objective and accurate method. This novel motion analysis system will open a window for physiological and pathological analysis for animal models and development of anti-pruritic drugs.


Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/physiopathology , Pruritus/physiopathology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Hindlimb , Humans , Keratin-14/genetics , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Observer Variation , Videotape Recording
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