ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The role of long-term degradable implants in reducing the risk of chronic postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair is still unclear. A pilot study using a synthetic long-term resorbable mesh in Lichtenstein repair showed good results regarding pain and discomfort in patients with indirect inguinal hernia (IH) without recurrences, but higher recurrence rate in patients with direct inguinal hernia (DH). The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of pain and early recurrence in patients with LIH surgically treated with the TEP technique using a long-term degradable mesh. This is the first human study to use long-term degradable mesh with the TEP approach. METHODS: This study was prospective, including 35 primary IHs surgically treated with TEP repair using TIGR Mesh (Novus Scientific Pte, Ltd, Singapore). At the 1-year follow-up recurrence was assessed by clinical examination and the incidence of pain or discomfort was assessed before and after surgery by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Inguinal Pain Questionnaire (IPQ). RESULTS: After 12 months, no patients had chronic pain. Only 1 (2.8%) patient reported pain using the VAS (score = 2), and 4 patients reported pain that could easily be ignored. All 4 patients reported less pain 1 year after the operation using both IPQ and VAS, compared with the preoperative assessment. One patient (2.8%) developed a recurrence 20 months after the primary operation. CONCLUSION: TEP repair using a synthetic long-term resorbable mesh was found to be safe and promising regarding pain and discomfort at 1-year follow-up in patients with IH. Longer follow-up is necessary to establish the risk of recurrence.
Subject(s)
Absorbable Implants , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Herniorrhaphy/instrumentation , Surgical Mesh , Adult , Aged , Chronic Pain/diagnosis , Chronic Pain/epidemiology , Chronic Pain/etiology , Chronic Pain/prevention & control , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Herniorrhaphy/methods , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Pain, Postoperative/etiology , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The TNF2 allele at position -308 of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene is associated with high TNF production. The purpose was to study the association of this gene polymorphism with rejection episodes and graft survival after kidney transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of transplant outcomes of patients who only had been treated with one single form of immunosuppression consisting of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolon was performed. RESULTS: We found that 115 (73%) patients had the TNF1/TNF1 genotype, whereas 42 (27%) were TNF2 positive. There was no difference in the overall acute rejection frequency between these two groups (50% in each), but our data showed a non-significant tendency towards a higher frequency of steroid resistant rejections in the TNF2 positive group (57% vs. 40%). There was no significant difference in graft survival between the two genotype groups, although an early tendency towards worse survival was seen in TNF2 recipients. However, the TNF2 positive recipients with rejection episodes had far worse graft survival compared with the TNF1/TNF1 recipients with rejection episodes (P<0.02). No difference was seen between the two genotype groups in patients without rejection episodes. CONCLUSION: Our data propose that potentially high TNF producers with the TNF2 allele do not have an increased risk for rejection episodes, but if rejection episodes occur, they have a significantly increased risk for early graft loss. TNF production may intensify rejection, but is not a primary factor for the induction of such acute immune activation.
