ABSTRACT
Paragangliomas, also known as glomus tumors or chemodectomas, are tumors arising from chemoreceptor tissue (paraganglia), which are neural crest in origin and found in higher concentration along the glossopharyngeal and vagal cranial nerve. Three types of paragangliomas are related with the temporal bone: glomus tympanicum, glomus jugulare, and glomus vagale. The role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing these types of tumors is discussed, along with the importance of arteriography in aiding the diagnosis and treatment. This article discusses the choice between CT and MR based on clinical symptoms and tumor location, and illustrates the newest CT, MR, and angiography applications. A brief discussion on treatment options is given.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Paraganglioma/diagnosis , Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis , Temporal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Temporal Bone/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Angiography , Female , Humans , Male , Paraganglioma/epidemiology , Paraganglioma/therapy , Skull Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skull Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
The persistent stapedial artery is a rare congenital vascular anomaly that may present as a pulsatile middle ear mass or that may appear as an incidental finding. Five cases of persistent stapedial artery are presented. The CT findings include the absence of the ipsilateral foramen spinosum and a soft-tissue prominence in the region of the tympanic segment of the facial nerve. Three cases were associated with an aberrant internal carotid artery. Imaging identification of this variant may obviate unnecessary surgery and may help in planning surgical or endovascular interventions.
Subject(s)
Angiography , Carotid Artery, Internal/abnormalities , Ear, Middle/blood supply , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Adult , Arteries/abnormalities , Carotid Artery, Internal/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In brief: Boxers, baseball players, and some other athletes are sometimes at risk of injury to the genitalia. For some injuries, such as testicular rupture or acute torsion, early surgery increases the likelihood of preserving function. Other injuries are more appropriately treated conservatively. When a patient has severe pain, physical examination of the scrotum can be difficult, and information obtained with ultrasound and radionuclide scintigraphy can help in the diagnosis and treatment. The authors compare normal findings with those indicating the presence of hematocele, intratesticular hemorrhage, testicular fracture, torsion, and epididymo-orchitis.
