ABSTRACT
Baseline physiological and kinanthropometric data were collected for 11 male and 12 female elite taekwon-do athletes from the Czech national team for evaluation of anthropometry, aerobic and anaerobic capacities, strength, visual reaction time, pulmonary function, flexibility and explosive power of the lower limbs (vertical jump). Both male and female taekwon-do black belts demonstrated low adiposity (8.2 and 15.4% fat, BMI 21.9 and 22.0 kg m(-2), respectively), normal reactivity and pulmonary function, above average muscular strength, PWC-170 (3.4 vs 2.7 W kg(-1)) and aerobic power (54 vs 42 ml min(-1) kg(-1)), and a high flexibility (37 and 38 cm) and anaerobic performance (peak power output from a 30 s Wingate test=14.7 and 10.1 W kg(-1); anaerobic capacity=334 and 242 J kg(-1), in males and females, respectively). In male athletes, competitive performance was significantly related to maximum power output and upper limb reaction time only, whereas in females, performance was related to maximum power output and ventilatory threshold level. These variables accounted for 66 and 67% of the performance rank in males and females, respectively. Time-motion analysis of competition taekwon-do fighting (two times 2 min) revealed 3-5 s bouts of maximum exercise alternating with low-intensity periods. This elicits high heart rates (100% HRmax) and lactate responses (11.4 mmol l(-1) = 81% LAmax), which agrees well with the physiological characteristics of taekwon-do black belts measured in laboratory exercise tests.
Subject(s)
Competitive Behavior/physiology , Martial Arts/physiology , Physical Fitness/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Anthropometry , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
The representative trial has been performed in four types of East Bohemian geriatric institutions. Following totals were investigated: 193 patients of the long-term care institutions, 492 subjects residing in homes for aged, 96 in homes for pensionaries and 105 in homes with day-care. Various social and health characteristics have been scrutinized as follows: age, sex, residence, employment, reason for the admission, duration of stay, subjective complaints, vision and hear disorders, speech defects, denture status, incontinency, mobility, self-sufficiency, occurrence of chronical diseases, complexive evaluation of somatic and psychic conditions as well as the dependence on environs. Mentioned institutions are stated as varying in the majority of studied characteristics with relation to the pattern of persons admitted. The home for aged became a final institution from which the complexive care is awaited including its provision for elderly people, both patients and those self-unsufficient. The complexiveness of long-term institutional care results from the analysis of obtained data as well as its better and comprehended resolution in the future.
Subject(s)
Day Care, Medical , Health Status , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Activities of Daily Living , Adaptation, Psychological , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Czechoslovakia/epidemiology , Family , Female , Humans , Male , Morbidity , Pain , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Relationship between the examined signs were searched for in a group of 428 persons selected in retirement dormitories in the East-Bohemian Region by means of cluster analysis of variables and factor analysis of chosen quantities. The stage of physical health, self-sufficiency, activity, adaptation, idea of the stay in the dormitory and cooperation with the staff are associated one with another. The age and data concerning social situation prior to entering the pensioners' dormitory (living conditions, education, occupation) have probably no direct effect on main characteristics of persons living there.
