ABSTRACT
The significance of polyphenol intake for the prevention of chronic diseases is controversial. Objective: this study investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of an anthocyanin-rich extract from Euterpe edulis fruits (LPEF) and its effects on liver steatosis in dyslipidemic apoE-/- knockout mice. Materials and methods: mice were divided into G1 (C57BL/6) standard diet; G2 (apoE-/-) standard diet, G3 (apoE-/-) 2% LPEF, G4 (apoE-/-) 6% LPEF, G5 (apoE-/-) 10% LPEF, G6 (apoE-/-) 2% α-tocopherol acetate. After 75 days of treatment, the animals were euthanized. The LPEF contained a high level of monomeric anthocyanins (301.4 mg/100g) and marked antioxidant activity. Results: Catalase activity was reduced in G3, G4, G5 and G6 compared to G2. Superoxide dismutase was reduced only in G4. The animals in G4, G5, and G6 showed low HDL and triglycerides levels compared to G2. The proportion of lipid droplets in liver tissue was reduced in G4 and G5 compared to G2, G3, and G6. Conclusion: The results indicated that E. edulis pulp is rich in anthocyanins and the LPEF dietary consumption can reduce the severity of liver steatosis in apoE-/- mice, an effect that is potentially mediated by the antioxidant activity of this extract and modulation of triglyceride serum levels (AU)
El papel de los polifenoles en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas es controvertido. Objetivo: este estudio investigó la composición química y el potencial antioxidante de un extracto del fruto de Euterpe edulis rico en antocianinas (LPEF) y sus efectos en la esteatosis hepática en ratones apoE-/- knockout con dislipidemia. Material y métodos: los ratones fueron divididos en los siguientes grupos; G1 (C57BL/6) con una dieta estándar; G2 (apoE-/-) con dieta estándar; G3 G3 (apoE-/-) con 2% de LPEF; G4 (apoE-/-) con 6% de LPEF; G5 (apoE-/-) con 10% de LPEF y G6 (apoE-/-) con 2% acetato α-tocoferol (α-tocopherol acetate). Después de 75 días de tratamiento, los animales fueron eutanizados. El LPEF contenía un alto nivel de antocianinas monoméricas (301,4 mg/100 g) con notable actividad antioxidante. Resultados: la actividad catalasa fue reducida en los grupos G3, G4, G5 y G6 comparada con G2. La superoxidasa dismutasa solo se redujo en el grupo G4. Los animales de G4, G5 y G6 mostraron bajos niveles de HDL triglicéridos, comparados con G2. La proporción de lípidos en el tejido hepático fue reducida en G4 y G5, comparado con G2, G3 y G6. Conclusión: los resultados indicaron que la pulpa de E. edulis es rica en antocianinas, y que el consumo de LPEF en la dieta puede reducir la severidad de la esteatosis hepática en ratones apoE-/-, un efecto que es potencialmente mediado por la actividad antioxidante de este extracto y la modulación en los niveles séricos de triglicéridos (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Food Composition , Anthocyanins/analysis , Anthocyanins/chemistry , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Dyslipidemias/metabolism , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/drug therapy , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/veterinary , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Functional Food , Euterpe , Analysis of Variance , Apolipoproteins E/analysis , Apolipoproteins E/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The pulp of jussara açaí (Euterpe edulis Martius) fruit is rich in anthocyanins that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects similar to those exerted by aerobic exercise. In the present study, we investigated the effects of jussara açaí fruit pulp consumption, either alone or in combination with aerobic exercise, on the hepatic oxidative and inflammatory status of ApoE-deficient (ApoE - / - ) mice. Male mice were divided into four groups (control (C), control plus açaí, exercise plus açaí (EXA) and exercise (EX)) and fed the AIN-93M diet or the AIN-93M diet formulated to contain 2 % freeze-dried açaí pulp. Mice in the EX and EXA groups were subjected to a progressive running programme (5 d/week, 60 min/d, 16 m/min) for 12 weeks. Mice that were made to exercise exhibited reduced (40·85 %; P< 0·05) hepatic superoxide dismutase activity when compared with the C mice, independent of the açaí diet. Mice in the EX group exhibited a lower (42 %; P< 0·05) mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the liver compared with the C mice. Mice in the EXA and EX groups had lower percentages of hepatic lipid droplets (70 % and 56 %, respectively; P< 0·05) when compared with the C mice. Mice in the EX group had smaller (58 %; P< 0·05) area of lesions in the aorta when compared with the C mice. Serum lipid profile was not affected (P>0·05). In conclusion, aerobic exercise training rather than açaí fruit pulp consumption or a combination of both enhances the hepatic oxidative and inflammatory status of ApoE - / - mice.