ABSTRACT
The aim of this cross-sectional observational study is to determine the contribution of polymorphisms of energy metabolism genes into metabolic disorders in Russian and Buryat adolescents with overweight and obesity. The study included 354 Russian and Buryat adolescents aged 13-18 years. Body mass index and serum levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR was calculated. Molecular genetic analysis for the presence of 9 loci of energy metabolism genes LEP, LEPR, POMC, FTO, and MC4R were analyzed. It was found that the risk of metabolic disorders is associated with the presence of polymorphic loci of leptin receptor gene LEPR and melanocortin receptor gene MC4R (LEPR rs1137100+LEPR rs1137101 and LEPR rs1137100+MC4R rs17782313) in Russian adolescents with overweight and obesity and polymorphisms of the gene FTO (FTO rs9939609+rs8050136) associated with fat mass and obesity in Buryat adolescents.
Subject(s)
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO , Metabolic Diseases , Adolescent , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Energy Metabolism/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Metabolic Diseases/genetics , Overweight/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics , Receptors, Leptin/geneticsABSTRACT
Opportunistic microorganisms in the gut biocenosis were studied in adolescents with normal body weight and obesity (patients consulted at the Clinical Department of Research Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems). The biological material was studied by standard bacteriological methods, representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family were also characterized using metagenomic sequencing of V3-V4 variable regions of 16S gene rRNA. Gut microbiota of obese adolescents was unbalanced and was characterized by low levels of bifido- and lactoflora representatives, a spectrum of E. coli associations, and high prevalence of opportunistic microorganisms and their associations. Representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family were most often found in the gut microbiota of obese adolescents.
Subject(s)
Microbiota/physiology , Obesity/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/metabolism , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Genes, rRNA/genetics , Genes, rRNA/physiology , Microbiota/geneticsABSTRACT
Gut microbiome of adolescents with obesity and different duration of breastfeeding was analyzed by metagenomic analysis of V3-V4 variable domains of the 16S rRNA gene. In subgroup with breastfeeding duration <3 months, intrapopulation structure of gut microbiome by alpha diversity indices was similar in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight. The decrease in phylotype abundance in the structure of communities was associated only with obesity, while dysbiotic state persisted in both lean and overweight adolescents, which confirmed the effect of breastfeeding duration on stability of gut microbiome.
Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Pediatric Obesity/microbiology , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Metagenome/genetics , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/pathology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A total of 94 patients suffering tension-type headache were admitted for the treatment at the "Ust-Kachka" health resort. They were divided into three depending on the chosen therapeutic modality. The patients of group 1 were offered bromide-iodine baths in combination with transcranial electric brain stimulation. In the second group, balneotherapy was combined with endonasal electrophoresis of mildronate. The patients of the control group were managed with the use of balneotherapeutic procedures alone. Evaluation of the heart rate variability revealed a significant decrease of the overall spectrum power. The very low frequency (VLF) component proved to be predominant spectral constituent. The results of the orthostatic test reflected the different degree of disturbances of vegetative reactivity in all the three groups; it varied from the excessive sympathetic supply to the paradoxical reaction. The post-treatment period was characterized by well-apparent positive dynamics in the vegetative sphere of the patients in terms of overall power spectrum with evident priority of its parameters in the first group.
Subject(s)
Baths/methods , Bromides/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology , Deep Brain Stimulation/methods , Heart Rate , Iodides/pharmacology , Methylhydrazines/pharmacology , Tension-Type Headache , Adult , Electrophoresis/methods , Female , Health Resorts , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tension-Type Headache/physiopathology , Tension-Type Headache/therapyABSTRACT
The objective of the present work was to study the adaptation of patients with pediatric cerebral palsy to the educational process throughout the academic year. The patients were examined with the use of the method of variational cardiointervalography in the beginning and the end of the school year and during exposure to sinusoidal modulated currents applied to the vegetative nods on the neck. It was shown that the clinical conditions of the patients with cerebral palsy in the beginning of the school year were dominated by ergotropic influence. The introduction of sinusoidal modulated. currents in their rehabilitative treatment increased the adaptive capacity of the brain and promoted the trophotropic influence.
