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1.
Photochem Photobiol ; 90(1): 107-12, 2014 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23869421

ABSTRACT

In this work, we use the effect of herbicides that affect the photosynthetic chain at defined sites in the photosynthetic reaction steps to derive information about the fluorescence emission of photosystems. The interpretation of spectral data from treated and control plants, after correction for light reabsorption processes, allowed us to elucidate current controversies in the subject. Results were compatible with the fact that a nonnegligible Photosystem I contribution to chlorophyll fluorescence in plants at room temperature does exist. In another aspect, variable and nonvariable chlorophyll fluorescence were comparatively tested as bioindicators for detection of both herbicides in aquatic environment. Both methodologies were appropriate tools for this purpose. However, they showed better sensitivity for pollutants disconnecting Photosystem II-Photosystem I by blocking the electron transport between them as Atrazine. Specifically, changes in the (experimental and corrected by light reabsorption) red to far red fluorescence ratio, in the maximum photochemical quantum yield and in the quantum efficiency of Photosytem II for increasing concentrations of herbicides have been measured and compared. The most sensitive bioindicator for both herbicides was the quantum efficiency of Photosystem II.


Subject(s)
Atrazine/toxicity , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Paraquat/toxicity , Photosystem I Protein Complex/drug effects , Photosystem II Protein Complex/drug effects , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Fluorescence , Herbicides/toxicity , Plant Leaves/metabolism
2.
Photochem Photobiol ; 89(6): 1383-90, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23829713

ABSTRACT

The organs of Origanum vulgare L. plant were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and autofluorescence imaging. The different organs were also studied spectroscopically. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded for intact inflorescences, leaves and stems. Several fluorescence ratios (Blue/Red, Blue/Far-red, Green/Red and Green/Far-red), which varied depending on the considered organ of the plant, were derived. For leaves, a dependence of fluorescence spectra with water content was obtained as well. The intact samples were also analyzed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. These spectra were transformed to the Remission function depending on the wavenumber and two absorption bands (811 and 1740 cm(-1)), which displayed differences according to the plant organ sampled, were detected. These results were consistent with higher carvacrol content in inflorescences. The spectroscopic results were connected with the microscopic observation and with the presence of relevant nutraceutics contained in the plant. The optical indexes derived in this work may serve as potential indicators to be explored in the development of nondestructive methods for oregano quality assessment.


Subject(s)
Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods , Origanum/chemistry , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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