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1.
J Pharm Pract ; 34(6): 966-969, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32588719

ABSTRACT

The Impella devices are percutaneous intravascular ventricular assist devices indicated for use in patients with cardiogenic shock that occurs following acute myocardial infarction (MI) or open heart surgery. These devices must be used with a purge solution that contains heparin per manufacturer recommendation, which will prevent blood from reaching the motor causing pump thrombosis and mechanical failure. We describe the utilization of a dextrose-only purge solution plus systemic argatroban in 2 patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Each case describes a patient with suspected HIT following Impella placement for cardiogenic shock post-MI that had an increased bleeding risk. In each case, pharmacy monitored and adjusted the patients' argatroban, resulting in therapeutic anticoagulation without major bleeding or thrombotic events. These case reports demonstrate that use of a dextrose-only purge solution in the Impella device may be a safe and effective option when combined with systemic argatroban in patients with suspected or confirmed HIT who exhibit increased bleeding risk. Further research is needed to determine the optimal concentrations and duration of anticoagulation-free purge solution in these patients.


Subject(s)
Heart-Assist Devices , Thrombocytopenia , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Blood Coagulation , Glucose , Heparin/adverse effects , Humans , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Thrombocytopenia/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
2.
Int J Antimicrob Agents ; 55(3): 105862, 2020 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31837449

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of colistin resistance in 64 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia hospitalised in Greece, Italy and Spain. In total, 31 A. baumannii isolates were colistin-resistant. Several novel amino acid substitutions in PmrCAB were found in 27 colistin-resistant A. baumannii. Most substitutions were detected in PmrB, indicating the importance of the histidine kinase for colistin resistance. In two colistin-resistant isolates, 93 amino acid changes were observed in PmrCAB compared with A. baumannii ACICU, and homologous recombination across different clonal lineages was suggested. Analysis of gene expression revealed increased pmrC expression in isolates harbouring pmrCAB mutations. Complementation of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and ATCC 17978 with a pmrAB variant revealed increased pmrC expression but unchanged colistin MICs, indicating additional unknown factors associated with colistin resistance. Moreover, a combination of PmrB and PmrC alterations was associated with very high colistin MICs, suggesting accumulation of mutations as the mechanism for high-level resistance. The pmrC homologue eptA was detected in 29 colistin-susceptible and 26 colistin-resistant isolates. ISAba1 was found upstream of eptA in eight colistin-susceptible and one colistin-resistant isolate and eptA was disrupted by ISAba125 in two colistin-resistant isolates. Whilst in most isolates an association of eptA with colistin resistance was excluded, in one isolate an amino acid substitution in EptA (R127L) combined with a point mutation in ISAba1 upstream of eptA contributed to elevated colistin MICs. This study helps to gain an insight into the diversity and complexity of colistin resistance in A. baumannii.


Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Colistin/pharmacology , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Amino Acid Substitution , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Greece , Humans , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy
3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30617096

ABSTRACT

Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is of great concern and is a threat to human health. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of colistin resistance in four isogenic pairs of A. baumannii isolates displaying an increase in colistin MICs. A mutation in pmrB was detected in each colistin-resistant isolate, three of which were novel (A28V, I232T, and ΔL9-G12). Increased expression of pmrC was shown by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) for three colistin-resistant isolates, and the addition of phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) to lipid A by PmrC was revealed by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, PEtN addition was also observed in some colistin-susceptible isolates, indicating that this resistance mechanism might be strain specific and that other factors could contribute to colistin resistance. Furthermore, the introduction of pmrAB carrying the short amino acid deletion ΔL9-G12 into a pmrAB knockout strain resulted in increased pmrC expression and lipid A modification, but colistin MICs remained unchanged, further supporting the strain specificity of this colistin resistance mechanism. Of note, a mutation in the pmrC homologue eptA and a point mutation in ISAba1 upstream of eptA were associated with colistin resistance and increased eptA expression, which is a hitherto undescribed resistance mechanism. Moreover, no cost of fitness was observed for colistin-resistant isolates, while the virulence of these isolates was increased in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Although the mutations in pmrB were associated with colistin resistance, PEtN addition appears not to be the sole factor leading to colistin resistance, indicating that the mechanism of colistin resistance is far more complex than previously suspected and is potentially strain specific.


Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Colistin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter Infections/pathology , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Lipid A/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moths/microbiology
4.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 73(6): 1501-1508, 2018 06 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29554339

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in isogenic Acinetobacter baumannii isolate pairs as well as 65 unique clinical A. baumannii isolates obtained during the MagicBullet clinical trial from Greece, Italy and Spain. Methods: A. baumannii isolates were subjected to WGS and the regulatory genes of resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux pumps were analysed. MICs were determined by agar dilution and the expression of RND-type efflux pumps was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: In isolate pairs, disruption of adeS or adeN by ISs increased adeB or adeJ expression and conferred increased resistance to at least three antimicrobial classes, respectively. The insertion of ISAba1 in adeN was observed in more than 30% of tested isolates and was the most prevalent IS. Furthermore, the insertion of ISAba125 and ISAba27 into adeN was observed for the first time in A. baumannii isolates. Besides ISs, several different mutations were observed in adeN (e.g. deletions and premature stop codons), all of which led to increased tigecycline MICs. Moreover, several amino acid substitutions were detected in AdeRS, AdeN and AdeL. Of note, the substitutions D21V, G25S and D26N in AdeR were found in multiple sequences and suggest a mutational hotspot. Conclusions: This study provides an insight into the different mechanisms associated with tigecycline resistance using a genomic approach and points out the importance of considering adeRS and adeN as markers for tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii isolates.


Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Genes, Regulator , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Mutation , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Clinical Trials as Topic , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Greece , Humans , Italy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Deletion , Spain , Whole Genome Sequencing
5.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 18(1): 291, 2017 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28679450

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: How a dentist works, such as the patterns of movements performed daily, is also largely affected by the workstation Dental tasks are often executed in awkward body positions, thereby causing a very high degree of strain on the corresponding muscles. The objective of this study is to detect those dental tasks, during which awkward postures occur most frequently. The isolated analysis of static postures will examine the duration for which these postures are maintained during the corresponding dental, respectively non-dental, activities. METHODS: 21 (11f/10 m) dentists (age: 40.1 ± 10.4 years) participated in this study. An average dental workday was collected for every subject. To collect kinematic data of all activities, the CUELA system was used. Parallel to the kinematic examination, a detailed computer-based task analysis was conducted. Afterwards, both data sets were synchronized based on the chronological order of the postures assumed in the trunk and the head region. All tasks performed were assigned to the categories "treatment" (I), "office" (II) and "other activities" (III). The angle values of each body region (evaluation parameter) were examined and assessed corresponding to ergonomic standards. Moreover, this study placed a particular focus on static positions, which are held statically for 4 s and longer. RESULTS: For "treatment" (I), the entire head and trunk area is anteriorly tilted while the back is twisted to the right, in (II) and (III) the back is anteriorly tilted and twisted to the right (non-neutral position). Static positions in (I) last for 4-10s, static postures (approx. 60%) can be observed while in (II) and (III) in the back area static positions for more than 30 s are most common. Moreover, in (II) the back is twisted to the right for more than 60 s in 26.8%. CONCLUSION: Awkward positions are a major part of a dentists' work. This mainly pertains to static positions of the trunk and head in contrast to "office work." These insights facilitate the quantitative description of the dentist profession with regard to the related physical load along with the health hazards to the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, the results allow for a selective extraction of the most unfavorable static body positions that dentists assume for each of the activities performed.


Subject(s)
Dentistry/standards , Dentists/standards , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Posture , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology , Computers, Handheld/statistics & numerical data , Computers, Handheld/trends , Dentistry/trends , Dentists/trends , Ergonomics/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Posture/physiology
6.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 18(1): 275, 2017 Jun 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28645269

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims at identifying orthodontic activities with the highest frequency of unfavorable/awkward and static postures held over a period of more than 4 s based on kinematic analysis. Moreover, a separate analysis of static postures for orthodontic and non-orthodontic activities serves to evaluate the duration for which these particular postures are assumed. METHODS: In total, 21 (13f/8 m) orthodontists (age: 31.5 ± 3.8 years) participated in this study. CUELA, a personal measurement system, was used to collect kinematic data for all orthodontic activities in a working day. Angle values of the head and torso were evaluated in accordance with ergonomic standards. Only those postures that were held statically for 4 s and longer were selected for further analysis. Alongside the kinematic analysis, the activities performed on-site were also subject to a detailed computerized analysis. The synchronization of data collected from both measurements arranges the patterns of posture found chronologically and in conjunction with the orthodontic activities performed ((I) "treatment" (II) "office" and (III) "other activities"). RESULTS: For (I) we observed an anterior inclination of the head and torso area as well as a twist of the head and neck area to the right. We found anterior back inclination and lateral back torsion to the right for (II) and (III). If, furthermore, we differentiate the duration of static postures, there are primarily short to medium-term (4-30s) static postures identified for (I). Also, categories (II) and (III) predominantly demonstrate static back postures with a duration of up to 30 s. With regard to (II) we observed that the back is ventrally inclined for 10.1% of the total activity duration. CONCLUSIONS: During treatment static strains are observed in the entire head and torso area. On the contrary, static postures prevalent in the torso area are essential for activities of the other categories, particularly office work. These findings allow for a careful selection of unfavorable and static postures for each of the activities performed and help to develop specific preventive measures.


Subject(s)
Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Orthodontists/statistics & numerical data , Posture , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Female , Humans , Male
7.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 17(1): 427, 2016 10 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27756271

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Germany, about 86.7 % of the dentists have stated to suffer from pain in the neck and shoulder region. These findings are predominantly based on surveys. Therefore the objective of this study is to conduct a kinematic analysis of occupational posture in dentistry. METHODS: Twenty one dentists (11 f/10 m; age: 40.1 ± 10.4 years) have participated in this examination. The CUELA-System was used to collect kinematic data of the activities on an average dental workday. A detailed, computer-based task analysis took place parallel to the kinematic examination. Through the synchronization of data collected from both measurements, patterns of posture were arranged chronologically and in conjunction with the tasks performed: (I) "treatment" (II) "office" and (III) "other activities". For the data analysis, characteristic data of joint angular distributions (percentiles P05, P25, P50, P75 and P95) of head, neck and torso at pre-defined tasks were examined and assessed corresponding to ergonomic standards. RESULTS: Forty one percent of tasks executed on an average dental workday can be categorized as the treatment of patients. These tasked are most frequently performed in "straight back" positions (78.7 %), whereas 20.1 % were carried out in a "twisted or inclined" torso posture, 1.1 % "bowed" and only 0.1 % "bowed and twisted/inclined to the side" upper body position. In particular, it can be observed that in the area of the cervical and thoracic spine the 75th and 95th percentile show worse angular values during treatment than during non-dental tasks. For the period of treatment (at a standardized dental chair construction), a seated position with a strong inclination of the thoracic spine to the right while the lumbar spine is inclined towards the left is adopted. CONCLUSION: The kinematic analysis of dentists illustrates typical patterns of postures during tasks that are essential to the dental treatment of patients. The postures in the area of the cervical and thoracic spine have higher angular values during treatment compared to other dental tasks. Consistently, appropriate ergonomic design measures to optimize the dental chair and equipment as well as integrated training in ergonomics as part of the study of dentistry to prevent musculoskeletal are recommended.


Subject(s)
Dentistry , Dentists , Ergonomics , Musculoskeletal Pain/prevention & control , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Posture , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Female , Germany , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neck , Shoulder , Spine , Torso
8.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 60(2): 1085-90, 2016 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26643347

ABSTRACT

Overexpression of the resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump AdeABC is often associated with multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and has been linked to mutations in the genes encoding the AdeRS two-component system. In a previous study, we reported that the Asp20→Asn amino acid substitution in the response regulator AdeR is associated with adeB overexpression and reduced susceptibility to the antimicrobials levofloxacin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To further characterize the effect of the Asp20→Asn substitution on antimicrobial susceptibility, the expression of the efflux genes adeB, adeJ, and adeG, and substrate accumulation, four plasmid constructs [containing adeR(Asp20)S, adeR(Asn20)S, adeR(Asp20)SABC, and adeR(Asn20)SABC] were introduced into the adeRSABC-deficient A. baumannii isolate NIPH 60. Neither adeRS construct induced changes in antimicrobial susceptibility or substrate accumulation from that for the vector-only control. The adeR(Asp20)SABC transformant showed reduced susceptibility to 6 antimicrobials and accumulated 12% less ethidium than the control, whereas the Asn20 variant showed reduced susceptibility to 6 of 8 antimicrobial classes tested, and its ethidium accumulation was only 72% of that observed for the vector-only construct. adeB expression was 7-fold higher in the adeR(Asn20)SABC transformant than in its Asp20 variant. No changes in adeG or adeJ expression or in acriflavine or rhodamine 6G accumulation were detected. The antimicrobial susceptibility data suggest that AdeRS does not regulate any resistance determinants other than AdeABC. Furthermore, the characterization of the Asp20→Asn20 substitution proves that the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility previously associated with this substitution was indeed caused by enhanced efflux activity of AdeB.


Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Acinetobacter baumannii/metabolism , Amino Acid Substitution , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Ethidium/pharmacokinetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
9.
J Med Microbiol ; 64(6): 630-635, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25873581

ABSTRACT

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii constitutes a worldwide threat in hospital settings. Efflux-mediated resistance, particularly the resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps, contributes significantly to decreased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics when overexpressed. Using PCR-based detection, the prevalence of genes encoding the RND efflux pumps AdeB, AdeJ and AdeG was investigated amongst 144 epidemiologically characterized and geographically diverse A. baumannii isolates of worldwide origin, representing International Clones 1-8 and genotypically unique isolates. Furthermore, five putative RND-type efflux genes identified via an in silico approach were included. Five of the eight investigated efflux pump genes were present in all isolates, including adeJ and adeG; the prevalence of the others varied between 65 and 97%. No association between the presence of one or multiple pumps to a specific clonal lineage was detected. The high prevalence of the efflux pump genes supports a fixed function of each individual pump that is not yet fully understood.


Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Biological Transport, Active , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Global Health , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence
10.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 296(1): H171-9, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18996985

ABSTRACT

Our prior studies indicated that postural fainting relates to thoracic hypovolemia. A supranormal increase in initial vascular resistance was sustained by increased peripheral resistance until late during head-up tilt (HUT), whereas splanchnic resistance, cardiac output, and blood pressure (BP) decreased throughout HUT. Our aim in the present study was to investigate the alterations of baroreflex activity that occur in synchrony with the beat-to-beat time-dependent changes in heart rate (HR), BP, and total peripheral resistance (TPR). We proposed that changes of low-frequency Mayer waves reflect sympathetic baroreflex. We used DWT multiresolution analyses to measure their time dependence. We studied 22 patients, 13 to 21 yr old, 14 who fainted within 10 min of upright tilt (fainters) and 8 healthy control subjects. Multiresolution analysis was obtained of continuous BP, HR, and respirations as a function of time during 70 degrees upright tilt at different scales corresponding to frequency bands. Wavelet power was concentrated in scales corresponding to 0.125 and 0.25 Hz. A major difference from control subjects was observed in fainters at the 0.125 Hz AP scale, which progressively decreased from early HUT. The alpha index at 0.125 Hz was increased in fainters. RR interval 0.25 Hz power decreased in fainters and controls but was markedly increased in fainters with syncope and thereafter corresponding to increased vagal tone compared with control subjects at those times only. The data imply a rapid reduction in time-dependent sympathetic baroreflex activity in fainters but not control subjects during HUT.


Subject(s)
Data Interpretation, Statistical , Electrocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Hemodynamics/physiology , Syncope/physiopathology , Adolescent , Aging/physiology , Baroreflex/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Lung Volume Measurements , Male , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Tilt-Table Test , Vagus Nerve/physiology , Young Adult
11.
Eat Behav ; 6(4): 393-402, 2005 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16257812

ABSTRACT

The College Oriented Eating Disorders Screen [COEDS; Nowak, J.A., Roberson-Nay, R., Strong, D.R., Bucceri, J. and Lejuez, C.W. (2003). Using item response theory in the development and validation of the College-Oriented Eating Disorders Screen. Eating Behaviors, 4, 345-361] was created for the purpose of identifying college students vulnerable to the development of an eating disorder. In a previous study, the COEDS was developed and tested among a college sample based on the continuum model of eating pathology. Following from this initial study, the purpose of the present study was to examine the internal consistency of the final seven-item version as well as its one month test-retest reliability and construct validity. Results indicated that the COEDS performed well when administered in its brief 7-item final format, yielding high internal consistency. Strong test-retest reliability also was observed. Finally, the COEDS demonstrated sound construct validity, showing statistically significant associations with independent measures of disordered eating beliefs and attitudes, as well as with measures assessing disordered eating behaviors. The results of this study provide further support for the use of the COEDS as a measure targeting college students who possess a vulnerability to development of an eating disorder.


Subject(s)
Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Attitude , Disease Susceptibility/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/prevention & control , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/instrumentation , Mass Screening/methods , Models, Psychological , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities
12.
J Athl Train ; 40(3): 162-8, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16284635

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: In a patient with a potential cervical spine injury, minimizing or eliminating movement at the head and neck during stabilization and transport is paramount because movement can exacerbate the condition. Any equipment or technique creating less movement will allow for a more effective and safe stabilization of an injured patient, reducing the likelihood of movement and potential secondary injury. OBJECTIVE: To compare the amount of head movement created during the log-roll and motorized spine-board (MSB) stabilization techniques. DESIGN: A 2-condition, repeated-measures design. SETTING: Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen certified athletic trainers, emergency first responders, and emergency medical technicians (6 men, 7 women). INTERVENTION(S): Subjects rotated through 4 positions for the log roll and 2 positions for the MSB. Each subject performed 3 trials while maintaining manual, inline stabilization of the model's head for each condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Three-dimensional head movement was measured and expressed as degrees of motion. RESULTS: The log roll created significantly more motion in the frontal and transverse planes compared with the MSB (P = .001 for both measures). No significant difference was noted for sagittal-plane motion (P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: The MSB created less movement at the head than did the log roll in 2 planes of motion and created slightly more motion in 1 plane, although this difference was not significant. The MSB may provide emergency responders with an appropriate alternative method for stabilizing and transporting a supine injured athlete without requiring a log roll.

13.
Behav Res Ther ; 43(2): 257-68, 2005 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15629754

ABSTRACT

The current study examined the relationships among biological predisposition, social environment, emotion regulation, and features characteristic of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Using an analogue sample, we examined whether thought suppression mediated the relationship of negative affective intensity/reactivity and perceived parental criticism with a composite of BPD features including impulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity, and aggression. Results indicated that thought suppression fully mediated the relationship between negative affect intensity/reactivity and BPD features and partially mediated the relationship between BPD features and perceived parental criticism. Clinical implications, directions for further research, and limitations of the present study are discussed.


Subject(s)
Affect , Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Thinking , Adolescent , Adult , Aggression/psychology , Attitude to Health , Female , Humans , Impulsive Behavior , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Models, Psychological , Psychological Tests , Regression Analysis , Repression, Psychology
14.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry ; 34(3-4): 313-24, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14972676

ABSTRACT

Despite recent advancements in the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), little is known about the underlying mechanisms in the development and maintenance of the disorder. To examine these issues, it is first necessary to identify a brief screening measure that can be used to assess factors underlying BPD. Considering this need, the current investigation examined the utility of a BPD-related composite consisting of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Interpersonal Sensitivity (IIP-IS) and Aggression (IIP-Ag) subscales of the IIP in a sample of college students ( [Formula: see text] ) and a sample of individuals seeking residential drug use treatment ( [Formula: see text] ). Data indicated that score on this composite measure (IIP-BPD) was positively related to scores on measures tapping BPD-related symptomotology, as well or better than the IIP total score in all cases. These data suggest the specificity of the IIP-BPD and support its use in analogue studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the disorder.


Subject(s)
Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Internal-External Control , Interpersonal Relations , Personality Inventory , Adolescent , Adult , Behavior , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
15.
Eat Behav ; 4(4): 345-61, 2003 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15000961

ABSTRACT

The current study examined the psychometric characteristics of the College-Oriented Eating Disorders Screen (COEDS), a college-student-focused screening measure to assess and identify individuals at-risk for the development of eating disordered pathology. By screening a large pool of pilot questions and using methods based in item response theory (IRT), seven items were identified with well-targeted contents that discriminated well across the continuum of eating disorder severity. The resulting measure evidenced a unidimensional factor structure and correlated highly with the original COEDS, standard measures of eating disorders pathology, and a measure of associated symptomatology (e.g., depressive symptoms). Based on these results, we discuss the utility of the COEDS as a prognostic indicator for risk of eating disordered pathology among college students.

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