ABSTRACT
Essential oils from flowers and leaves of Grindelia integrifolia DC. were investigated for the first time in terms of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The GC-FID/MS analysis allowed for the identification of 58 and 72 volatiles, comprising 92.4 and 90.1% of the oils, respectively. The major components of the flower oil were α-pinene (34.9%) and limonene (13.1%), while myrcene (16.9%), spathulenol (12.3%), ß-eudesmol (11.9%) and limonene (10.1%) dominated among the leaf volatiles. The antimicrobial activity, evaluated against 12 selected bacteria and fungus, was found moderate, with the strongest effect of both oils observed against C. albicans (MIC = MBC: 0.63 and 0.31 mg/mL for flower and leaf oil, respectively).
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Grindelia/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Acyclic Monoterpenes , Alkenes/analysis , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Bacteria/drug effects , Bicyclic Monoterpenes , Candida albicans/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Flowers/chemistry , Fungi/drug effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Monoterpenes/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/analysis , Plant Oils/chemistry , Plant Oils/pharmacologyABSTRACT
2D-TLC and RP-HPLC methods were applied to qualitatively determinate free phenolic acids and those liberated by acid and alkaline hydrolysis in the flowers and leaves of G. robusta and G. squarrosa. The presence of eleven phenolic acids, namely: caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic, gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic salicylic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic and ellagic acids was determined. Quantitative estimate of phenolic acids, expressed as caffeic acid, has been analyzed by the method described in the Polish Pharmacopoeia VIII. The content of phenolic acids in G. robusta reached 7.33 mg/g and 6.23 mg/g for flowers and leaves, respectively. The flowers and leaves of G. squarrosa were characterized by similar level of phenolic acids, namely 6.81 mg/g and 6.59 mg/g, respectively.
Subject(s)
Grindelia/chemistry , Hydroxybenzoates/analysis , Calibration , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/standards , Chromatography, Thin Layer/standards , Flowers , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Plant Leaves , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
In order to find new sources of natural antioxidants, the antioxidant potential of 70% methanolic extracts from the inflorescences and leaves of 16 species from the genus Sorbus s.s. was evaluated using two complementary in vitro test systems: the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and the AAPH [2,2¢-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride]-induced linoleic acid (LA) peroxidation test. The radical-scavenging capacities of the extracts towards the DPPH radical were in the range of 0.25-0.86 millimolar Trolox® equivalents/g dry weight. They were significantly correlated (r=-0.8089, p<0.001) with the results of the LA-peroxidation test, indicating the Sorbus extracts to be universal antioxidants. Significant linear correlations were also found between the different antioxidant potentials and total phenolic contents as estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and further verified by serial determinations of proanthocyanidins, chlorogenic acid isomers and flavonoids (çrêin the range of 0.71-0.95, p<0.001). Cluster analysis of the data matrix identified the ten samples (inflorescences of S. aucuparia, S. pohuashanensis, S. decora, S. koehneana, S. commixta, S. gracilis, and S. sitchensis, and the leaves of S. wilfordii, S. pogonopetala, and S. gracilis) exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic levels and therefore the greatest potential as effective sources for natural health products.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Sorbus/chemistry , Amidines/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysis , Linoleic Acid/chemistry , Oxidation-Reduction , Plant Extracts/analysis , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The qualitative and quantitative determinations of coumarins, phenolic acids and flavonoids in the leaves and underground parts of Scopolia caucasica using paper chromatography and HPLC methods were described. From the leaves of this plant, kaempferol 3-O-(2-glucosyl)-galactoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2-glucosyl)-galactoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods (UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR).
Subject(s)
Coumarins/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Phenols/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Scopolia/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Paper , Flavonoids/chemistry , Phenols/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , PolyphenolsABSTRACT
The quantitative determination of coumarins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in the leaves and underground parts of Scopolia carniolica Jacq., S. lurida Dun. and S. sinensis Hemsl. using the RP-HPLC method has been described.
Subject(s)
Chlorogenic Acid/analysis , Coumarins/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Scopolia , Chlorogenic Acid/chemistry , Chlorogenic Acid/isolation & purification , Coumarins/chemistry , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Scopolia/chemistryABSTRACT
Kaempferol 3-O-(2-glucosyl)-galactoside-7-O-glucoside was isolated from the leaves of Scopolia carniolica Jacq. and S. sinensis Hemsl. From the latter taxon as well as kaempferol 3-O-galactoside and 3-O-(2-glucosyl)-galactoside, kaempferol and quercetin 3-O-robinobiosides and quercetin 3-O-sophoroside have been obtained. Moreover, from the leaves of S lurida Dun. kaempferol and quercetin 3-O-glucosides and 3-O-rutinosides were isolated. The structures of compounds have been determined by means of chemical and spectral methods (UV, LSI MS, 1H and 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY NMR).
