ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Describe the process for designing and creating SimUPAC 360°, a virtual reality training in anti-cancer drug production units. METHODS: A multi-centre (a University Hospital, a General Hospital and a Cancer Control Centre), inter-professional (pharmacists, hospital pharmacy technicians and health executives) working group has been set up. It was based on videoconferencing and online document sharing. The work was divided into six phases: choice of target audience and training objectives, definition of the business model, development of the scenario, shooting and editing, creation of the training tool and finally tests, adjustments and validation of the tool. RESULTS: After brainstorming, 77 errors were proposed. Three areas have been defined: covering area, storage and production area, and isolator. They contained 15 errors among the 77 proposed and 20 points of interest. The shooting was carried out over 2 days, in 2 hospitals. Assembly was carried out by a service provider specialist in real virtuality. Before to go online, the tool was tested and validated by experts. DISCUSSION: The establishment of a multi-centric and interdisciplinary working group, the choice of target audience, pedagogical objectives and business model ensure the economic viability and scientific and technical robustness of the tool. The scenario development requires to define: activity areas and then, number, difficulty and typology of errors. CONCLUSION: Creation of a virtual reality training requires a consistent and structured methodology. This methodology will make it possible to develop other training scenarios.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Drug Compounding/methods , Education, Pharmacy/organization & administration , Virtual Reality , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Hospitals, University , Humans , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Models, Organizational , Pharmacists , Pharmacy Service, Hospital , Pharmacy Technicians , TeachingABSTRACT
Staphylococcus simulans was identified as the aetiological agent of osteitis in a diabetic woman. Its identifying characteristics and antibiogram were confirmed. Diabetic foot frequently becomes infected and the spread of infection to bone is a major causal factor behind lower-limb amputation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential in such cases.
Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Diabetic Foot/microbiology , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Osteitis/microbiology , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiology , Aged , Diabetic Foot/surgery , Female , Humans , Osteitis/diagnosis , Osteitis/surgery , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/mortality , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
If meant to be effective, the detection of nosocomial infections demands considering the means that should be used for a daily gathering of necessary complete information. An experiment led in a medical intensive care unit have suggested the elements of such a gathering work. This must be prospective and aimed to relate the frequency, more that the importance of nosocomial infections. It will be carried by a willing and specialized nurse, and will be limited to the necessary warning signs only. As a rule, the information linked to the infection causes will not be looked for. Finally, a special care will be given to ensure a good feedback to the clinician, which is the main purpose of that work. Yet, such an information gathering protocol has to be flexible, and it is even one of its survival conditions regarding the variety of means and requirements inherent of each department.
Subject(s)
Clinical Protocols , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Data Collection/methods , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Two complementary studies were carried out. a) A three months study on nosocomial infection frequency, with a simultaneous assessment of the nosocomial infection risk factors (infected or non infected body on entry in the department, the kind of pathology, simplified scores of seriousness) and of the length of the hospital stays to compare the average length of stay for overinfected patients and for nosocomial infection non contaminated patients, after checking those factors through adjustment, themselves responsible for a prolongation of the stays. b) An evaluation of the cost of the sole antibiotics used in the treatment of a Serratia nosocomial infection epidemic which developed in the department. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of each case was made by the prescribing doctor in order to attribute its proper costs to each case. Over a three months period, 112 patients were considered as presenting a risk of nosocomial infection, which means that they were hospitalized in the department for more than 48 hours. Twenty two nosocomial infection carriers were examined; they represented 38 cases of overinfection. The length of stay was of 10.3 days among the non carriers of nosocomial infection, and of 32.4 days among the overinfected patients, but more interesting is the figure of 13.2 days per case. Over a year, it thus amounts to 1,950 hospitalization days due to nosocomial infections, which corresponds, in a department of 24 beds, to an average of 5 beds occupied permanently. Besides, the antibiotic for the 12 Serratia nosocomial infection carriers was evaluated to a cost of F. 75,000.
