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1.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol ; 30(2): 97-104, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26525484

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress during pregnancy including anxiety and depression is known to have adverse health effects on newborns. However, measuring these psychological constructs is complex with psychological, endocrinological, and physiological systems being affected. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), assumed to reflect long-term endocrine consequences of stress exposure, represent a promising instrument for epidemiological research. However, the association between HCC and questionnaire-based instruments is unclear. METHODS: In the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, mothers were recruited shortly after delivery in the University Medical Centre Ulm, Germany between April 2012 and May 2013. HCC of 768 participants were determined in scalp-near 3 cm maternal hair segments, assumed to reflect cortisol exposure over the last trimester of pregnancy. Chronic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptomatology were self-reported in questionnaire-based instruments. Spearman correlation coefficients between HCC and these instruments as well as means of HCC in highly and low stressed subgroups were calculated. RESULTS: HCC were not correlated with self-reported chronic stress, anxiety, or depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, the investigation of sub-populations did not reveal substantial differences of HCC across highly and low stressed women. CONCLUSIONS: HCC were not found to correlate with self-reports of chronic stress, anxiety, or depressive symptomatology. Among other things, these findings could reflect problems with questionnaire-based assessments obtained shortly after delivery such as recall bias and/or suggest that associations between cortisol secretion and psychosocial stress are difficult to detect due to, e.g. a strong physiological increase of cortisol in the last trimester.


Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Hair/chemistry , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Chronic Disease , Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Self Report , Young Adult
2.
Psychoneuroendocrinology ; 52: 289-96, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25553388

ABSTRACT

Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are emerging as a promising marker of chronic psychosocial stress. However, limited information on relevant correlates of this biomarker in late pregnancy is available. In the Ulm SPATZ Health Study mothers were recruited between 04/2012 and 05/2013 shortly after delivery in the University Medical Center Ulm, Germany. Cortisol concentrations of N=768 participants were determined by HPLC-MS/MS in the scalp-near 3cm of maternal hair reflecting stress exposure over the preceding three months. Sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy-related variables and comorbidities were assessed. We conducted bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses using log transformed HCC. In bivariate analyses, significantly higher cortisol concentrations were found in obese compared to normal weight (b=0.32, p<0.001) and smoking as opposed to non-smoking mothers (b=0.34, p=0.002). Conversely, primary C-section was associated with lower HCC compared to spontaneous delivery. Besides, a strong impact of season of delivery with significantly higher HCC in summer and autumn as opposed to winter (both bs=0.58, p<0.001) was found. Further determinants of HCC were maternal education, number of persons in the household, premature delivery and hair characteristics. In a mutually adjusted model, all but education, multiple jobholding, hair characteristics and premature delivery remained statistically significant. Maternal hair cortisol in the last trimester of pregnancy is determined by many factors. Delivery mode, body mass index and season of delivery should be considered when investigating the association between HCC and further outcomes in mothers shortly after delivery.


Subject(s)
Hair/chemistry , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Pregnancy Complications/metabolism , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/metabolism , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/metabolism , Young Adult
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