Effects of copal resin extraction on the diversity and composition of species in tropical deciduous forests.

Composition and floristic diversity of ecosystems subject to overexploitation, such as tropical deciduous forests where copal resin (Bursera bipinnata, Bursera copallifera) is extracted, are of great importance for understanding the ecological functioning of these ecosystems. This study analyzed the species composition and diversity in a natural population subject to copal extraction in San Juan Raboso Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico. A total of 54 sampling units were established, and the number of individuals and crown diameter for each tree species were recorded. For shrubs, succulents, acaulescent rosetophytes and climbers, the number of individuals and the area of cover were quantified. Based on the parameters of abundance, frequency, and relative dominance, the importance value index (IVI) was calculated. Diversity was evaluated using the Shannon index [Formula: see text]. In total, 29 species were identified, distributed across 11 botanical families and 21 genera. The Fabaceae family was the richest, followed by the Burseraceae family, which includes the species that extract copal, but Opuntia streptacantha was the species with the most ecological weight. In this study, the Shannon index [Formula: see text] averaged 1.45, which indicates that the community was mildly diverse.

Influencia del hábitat en la diversidad de aves insectívoras en un sistema agroforestal enclavado en un Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña / Influence of the habitat on the diversity of insectivorous birds in agroforestry systems embedded in a Mountain Mesophilic Forest

Resumen Los sistemas agroforestales pueden representar importantes nichos ecológicos que coadyuven a la conservación de la diversidad avifaunística. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar y comparar la diversidad y uso de hábitat de aves insectívoras en sistemas agroforestales enclavados en un bosque mesófilo de montaña. Se efectuó el monitoreo de aves de agosto de 2018 a enero de 2019 en tres hábitats: café tradicional (CT), potrero (PT) y bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM). Se determinaron índices de abundancia relativa (IAR), riqueza (Jacknife1), similitud (Jaccard) y diversidad (Shannon-Wiener). El IAR presentó valores bajos para los tres hábitats. El método Jacknife1 denotó una riqueza promedio considerable para las tres áreas (CT: 33.02, PT: 24.20, BMM: 9.98, CT-PT-BMM: 52.22). La técnica de Jaccard registró poca similitud en la riqueza, reafirmando el efecto del hábitat, composición y estructura florística como factores determinantes, al mismo tiempo que estableció promedios de diversidad alta obtenidos mediante el método de Shannon-Wiener (H´= 3.3; 3.1; 2.27; 3.78, respectivamente), revelando una diversidad relativamente estable en los tres hábitats. Por su parte, Kruskal-Wallis advirtió diferencias en la diversidad, pero no para la riqueza y la abundancia. Se evidenció la conformación declústeresy agrupaciones que encontraron mayor similitud entre la riqueza y la abundancia de especies por cada monitoreo aplicado. El análisis de componentes principales indicó mayor correlación del hábitat y la vegetación utilizados para la alimentación en el estrato herbáceo y arbóreo, en alturas que van de 5 m a 10 m, utilizando el estrato aéreo para vuelo. Los sistemas agroforestales estudiados constituyeron un nicho de oportunidad en donde la avifauna halló alimento, áreas de nidación y reproducción. Se recomienda la implementación de buenas prácticas de manejo agroforestal que coadyuven a la conservación de especies.

Abstract Agroforestry systems can represent important ecological niches that contribute to the conservation of bird diversity. The objective of this work was to estimate and compare the diversity and habitat use of insectivorous birds in agroforestry systems located in a montane cloud forest. Bird monitoring was carried out from August 2018 to January 2019 in three habitats: traditional coffee plantation (CT), paddock (PT) and montane cloud forest (BMM). Relative abundance (IAR), richness (Jacknife1), similarity (Jaccard) and diversity (Shannon-Wiener) indices were determined. The IAR presented low values for the three habitats. The Jacknife1 method denoted considerable average richness for the three areas (CT: 33.02, PT: 24.20, BMM: 9.98, CT-PT-BMM: 52.22). The Jaccard technique recorded little similarity in richness, reaffirming the effect of habitat, composition and floristic structure as determining factors, which at the same time established high diversity averages, obtained by the Shannon-Wiener method (H´= 3.3; 3.1 ; 2.27; 3.78, respectively), revealing a relatively stable diversity in the three habitats. For his part, Kruskal-Wallis noticed differences in diversity, but not for richness and abundance. The formation of clusters and groups that found greater similarity between the richness and abundance of species for each applied monitoring was evidenced. Principal component analysis indicated a higher correlation of habitat and vegetation used for feeding in the herbaceous and arboreal stratum, at heights ranging from 5 m to 10 m, using the aerial stratum for flight. The agroforestry systems studied constituted a niche of opportunity where the avifauna found food, nesting and reproduction areas. The implementation of good agroforestry management practices that contribute to the conservation of species is recommended.

A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R) / Meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad del Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R)

Background/Objective: The Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R) is a widely applied instrument to measure obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the PI-R. Method: An exhaustive literature search yielded 118 empirical studies that had applied the PI-R, from which 30 studies (33 samples) reported an original reliability estimate. Results: Assuming a random-effects model, the average internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was .92 (95% CI [.91, .93]) for the total scores, and ranged from .74 to .89 for the subscales. Assuming mixed-effects models, moderator analyses showed a positive statistically significant association between the standard deviation of the total scores and the reliability coefficients (p = .002; R2 = .38). Conclusions: In terms of reliability, the PI-R scale was found to be adequate for both research and clinical purposes, although exhibiting large heterogeneity across studies. Future empirical studies using the PI-R should be required to provide at least one reliability estimate based on their own data

Antecedentes/Objetivo: El Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para medir los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en muestras clínicas y no clínicas. Llevamos a cabo un meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad del PI-R. Método: Una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura arrojó 118 estudios empíricos que habían aplicado el PI-R, de los cuales 30 estudios (33 muestras) reportaron una estimación propia de la fiabilidad. Resultados: Asumiendo un modelo de efectos aleatorios, la fiabilidad en términos de consistencia interna promedio (alfa de Cronbach) fue de 0,92 (IC del 95% [0,91, 0,93]) para las puntuaciones totales, y osciló entre 0,74 y 0,89 para las subescalas. Asumiendo modelos de efectos mixtos, los análisis de moderadores mostraron una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre la desviación típica de las puntuaciones totales y los coeficientes de fiabilidad (p = 0,002; R2 = 0,38). Conclusiones: En términos de fiabilidad, se encontró que el PI-R es adecuado tanto para fines clínicos como de investigación, aunque con una alta heterogeneidad entre los estudios. Es necesario que los estudios empíricos futuros que apliquen el PI-R proporcionen al menos una estimación de la fiabilidad basada en sus propios datos.

A Reliability Generalization Meta-analysis of the Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R).

Background/Objective: The Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R) is a widely applied instrument to measure obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the PI-R. Method: An exhaustive literature search yielded 118 empirical studies that had applied the PI-R, from which 30 studies (33 samples) reported an original reliability estimate. Results: Assuming a random-effects model, the average internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was .92 (95% CI [.91, .93]) for the total scores, and ranged from .74 to .89 for the subscales. Assuming mixed-effects models, moderator analyses showed a positive statistically significant association between the standard deviation of the total scores and the reliability coefficients (p = .002; R2  = .38). Conclusions: In terms of reliability, the PI-R scale was found to be adequate for both research and clinical purposes, although exhibiting large heterogeneity across studies. Future empirical studies using the PI-R should be required to provide at least one reliability estimate based on their own data.

Antecedentes/Objetivo: El Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para medir los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en muestras clínicas y no clínicas. Llevamos a cabo un meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad del PI-R. Método: Una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura arrojó 118 estudios empíricos que habían aplicado el PI-R, de los cuales 30 estudios (33 muestras) reportaron una estimación propia de la fiabilidad. Resultados: Asumiendo un modelo de efectos aleatorios, la fiabilidad en términos de consistencia interna promedio (alfa de Cronbach) fue de 0,92 (IC del 95% [0,91, 0,93]) para las puntuaciones totales, y osciló entre 0,74 y 0,89 para las subescalas. Asumiendo modelos de efectos mixtos, los análisis de moderadores mostraron una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre la desviación típica de las puntuaciones totales y los coeficientes de fiabilidad (p = 0,002; R2  = 0,38). Conclusiones: En términos de fiabilidad, se encontró que el PI-R es adecuado tanto para fines clínicos como de investigación, aunque con una alta heterogeneidad entre los estudios. Es necesario que los estudios empíricos futuros que apliquen el PI-R proporcionen al menos una estimación de la fiabilidad basada en sus propios datos.

Psychometric propierties of the Selective Mutism Questionnaire in Spanish children / Propiedades psicométricas del Selective Mutism Questionnaire en niños españoles

Background/Objective: Research on selective mutism (SM) has been limited by the absence of standardised, psychometrically sound and cross-culturally valid assessment measures. Our aim is to present the results of a study of the factor structure and the reliability and concurrent validity of the scores of the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), translated and adapted into Spanish. The SMQ contains 17 items about children's difficulty in speaking adequately in the family, school and social environment (out-of-school and out-of-family), each of which is answered according to a Likert scale with four response alternatives on speech frequency. Method: The study involved 110 pairs of parents of children diagnosed with SM whose ages ranged from 3 to 10 years. Results: The results show that the data from the Spanish sample fit the factorial model obtained by Bergman et al., and that data on its reliability and validity are robust and confirm that it as a good instrument for assessing SM in Spanish-speaking children. Conclusions: Therefore, we can affirm that the SMQ is a good instrument to assess SM in Spanish-speaking children. (AU)

Antecedentes/Objetivo: La investigación sobre el mutismo selectivo (MS) se ha visto limitada por la ausencia de medidas de evaluación estandarizadas, psicométricamente sólidas y con validez transcultural. Nuestro objetivo es presentar los resultados de un estudio de la estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez concurrente de las puntaciones del Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), traducido y adaptado al español. El SMQ contiene 17 ítems sobre la dificultad de los niños para hablar adecuadamente en el ámbito familiar, escolar y social (extraescolar y ajeno al ámbito familiar), cada uno de los cuales se contesta según una escala tipo Likert con cuatro alternativas de respuesta sobre la frecuencia del habla. Método: En el estudio participaron 110 parejas de padres de niños y niñas diagnosticados con MS. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los datos de la muestra española se ajustan al modelo factorial obtenido por Bergman et al., así como que los datos sobre su fiabilidad y la validez son robustos. Conclusiones: Por todo ello podemos afirmar que el SMQ es un buen instrumento para valorar el MS en niños y niñas españoles de habla castellana. (AU)

Assessing Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity and Walking Exercise in Women with Fibromyalgia.

BACKGROUND: Exercise and physical activity are an evidence-based practice for chronic pain. Health professionals need instruments to assess self-efficacy for this practice taking into account the specific barriers of patients with these health problems. PURPOSE: To develop and test the psychometric properties of a new self-efficacy scale for physical activity and walking exercise in patients with fibromyalgia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted in a Spanish Fibromyalgia Unit. Two hundred and eleven new patients signed the informed consent and participated in the study. All of them were women, referred to by either Primary or Specialized Health Care. In addition to the new scale, they filled out several self-reported and validated instruments to collect the data present in this study. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor model (GFI = .99; RMSR = .06) that explained 74.2% of the total variance. They assessed how confident patients felt about walking quickly in both 30- and 60-minute sessions, (Factor I: 10 items; α = .97), to perform daily physical activities (Factor II: 10 items; α = .93) and to undertake moderate physical activity (Factor III: 5 items; α = .95). The total score of the scale and the three-factor scores showed good criterion validity and adequate validity based on the relationships with other constructs. CONCLUSIONS: The scale showed adequate psychometric properties and can be a useful tool to help health professionals monitor patients' self-efficacy perception and customize both physical activity and walking exercise intervention goals and their implementation.

Psychometric propierties of the Selective Mutism Questionnaire in Spanish children.

Research on selective mutism (SM) has been limited by the absence of standardised, psychometrically sound and cross-culturally valid assessment measures. Our aim is to present the results of a study of the factor structure and the reliability and concurrent validity of the scores of the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), translated and adapted into Spanish. The SMQ contains 17 items about children's difficulty in speaking adequately in the family, school and social environment (out-of-school and out-of-family), each of which is answered according to a Likert scale with four response alternatives on speech frequency. METHOD: The study involved 110 pairs of parents of children diagnosed with SM whose ages ranged from 3 to 10 years. RESULTS: The results show that the data from the Spanish sample fit the factorial model obtained by Bergman et al., and that data on its reliability and validity are robust and confirm that it as a good instrument for assessing SM in Spanish-speaking children. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, we can affirm that the SMQ is a good instrument to assess SM in Spanish-speaking children.

La investigación sobre el mutismo selectivo (MS) se ha visto limitada por la ausencia de medidas de evaluación estandarizadas, psicométricamente sólidas y con validez transcultural. Nuestro objetivo es presentar los resultados de un estudio de la estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez concurrente de las puntaciones del Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), traducido y adaptado al español. El SMQ contiene 17 ítems sobre la dificultad de los niños para hablar adecuadamente en el ámbito familiar, escolar y social (extraescolar y ajeno al ámbito familiar), cada uno de los cuales se contesta según una escala tipo Likert con cuatro alternativas de respuesta sobre la frecuencia del habla. Método: En el estudio participaron 110 parejas de padres de niños y niñas diagnosticados con MS. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los datos de la muestra española se ajustan al modelo factorial obtenido por Bergman et al., así como que los datos sobre su fiabilidad y la validez son robustos. Conclusiones: Por todo ello podemos afirmar que el SMQ es un buen instrumento para valorar el MS en niños y niñas españoles de habla castellana.

Improving the reporting quality of reliability generalization meta-analyses: The REGEMA checklist.

Reliability generalization (RG) is a meta-analytic approach that aims to characterize how reliability estimates from the same test vary across different applications of the instrument. With this purpose RG meta-analyses typically focus on a particular test and intend to obtain an overall reliability of test scores and to investigate how the composition and variability of the samples affect reliability. Although several guidelines have been proposed in the meta-analytic literature to help authors improve the reporting quality of meta-analyses, none of them were devised for RG meta-analyses. The purpose of this investigation was to develop REGEMA (REliability GEneralization Meta-Analysis), a 30-item checklist (plus a flow chart) adapted to the specific issues that the reporting of an RG meta-analysis must take into account. Based on previous checklists and guidelines proposed in the meta-analytic arena, a first version was elaborated by applying the nominal group methodology. The resulting instrument was submitted to a list of independent meta-analysis experts and, after discussion, the final version of the REGEMA checklist was reached. In a pilot study, four pairs of coders applied REGEMA to a random sample of 40 RG meta-analyses in Psychology, and results showed satisfactory inter-coder reliability. REGEMA can be used by: (a) meta-analysts conducting or reporting an RG meta-analysis and aiming to improve its reporting quality; (b) consumers of RG meta-analyses who want to make informed critical appraisals of their reporting quality, and (c) reviewers and editors of journals who are considering submissions where an RG meta-analysis was reported for potential publication.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Protective Factors of Resilience Scale (PFRS) / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión Española de la Escala de Factores Protectores de Resiliencia

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to adapt the Protective Factors of Resilience Scale (PFRS) to Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties. METHOD: The scale was translated and adapted into Spanish, then, two studies were carried out to examine its psychometric properties in two samples (healthy and chronic illness). Questionnaires were sent by email, Facebook, and Whatsapp, and 442 adults completed all the questionnaires. The entire sample included 352 healthy people and 90 with a chronic illness. RESULTS: In both samples, confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the scale's structure, yielding a Spanish version of PFRS with three factors. The PFRS total and subscales scores showed adequate reliability. Concurrent validity was also confirmed; the PFRS was positively correlated with different measures. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the Spanish version of this scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess protective factors (internal and external resources) of resilience both in Spanish general and chronically ill populations

ANTECEDENTES: La resiliencia es la capacidad que tienen un individuo de recuperarse de las dificultades; la mayoría de las personas pueden recuperarse de forma óptima y adaptarse a eventos estresante a través de factores protectores. No existe, en español una medida válida y fiable de resiliencia que incluya tanto factores protectores interno como externos. El objetivo del estudio fue adaptar la escala Protective Factors of Resilience Scale al español y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. MÉTODO: La escala fue traducida y adaptada al español y posteriormente se realizaron dos estudios para analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en dos muestras (personas sanas y con enfermedades crónicas). Los cuestionarios se enviaron por diferentes vías: email, Facebook y Whatsapp, 442 adultos completaron todos los cuestionarios. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 352 personas sanas y 90 con enfermedades crónicas. RESULTADOS: En ambas muestras, los análisis de factores confirmatorios confirmaron la estructura de la escala, mostrando que la versión española estaba compuesta de tres factores. Las puntuaciones totales de la escala y de las subescalas mostraron una fiabilidad adecuada. La validez concurrente también se confirmó; la escala estuvo relacionada positivamente con diferentes medidas. CONCLUSIÓN: Por tanto, la versión española de la escala es un instrumento fiable y válido para evaluar factores protectores (internos y externos) de la resiliencia tanto para población general como para personas con enfermedades crónicas

Oral administration of an anti-CfaE secretory IgA antibody protects against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrheal disease in a nonhuman primate model.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea-associated illness in developing countries. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent ETEC and the development of an efficacious prophylaxis would provide an intervention with significant impact. Recent studies suggested that effective protection could be achieved by inducing immunity to block colonization of ETEC. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of secretory (s) IgA2 and dimeric (d) IgA2 of an anti-colonization factor antigen antibody, 68-61, in the Aotus nancymaae nonhuman primate (NHP) ETEC challenge model via oral and parental delivery. Thirty-nine animals were distributed across 3 groups of 13, and challenged with 5.0x1011 colony forming unit (CFU) of H10407 on Day 0. Group 1 received a dIgA2 68-61 subcutaneously on day 0. Group 2 received a SIgA2 68-61 orally on days -1, 0, and +1, and Group 3 received an irrelevant SIgA2 antibody orally on days -1, 0, and +1. All animals were observed for symptoms of diarrhea, and stools were collected for ETEC colony counts. Anti-CfaE SIgA2 treatment significantly lowered the attack rate, resulting in a protective efficacy of 74.1% (p = 0.025) in Group 2 as compared to Group 3. The anti-CfaE dIgA2 treatment group had reduced diarrheal attack rate, although the reduction did not reach significance (57.1%; p = 0.072) as compared to the irrelevant SIgA2 Group 3. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of oral administration of SIgA as a potential immunoprophylaxis against enteric infections. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of administrated SIgA in a nonhuman primate model.

The Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision of Obsessions and Compulsions: A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis.

The Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) is a frequently used test to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in screening and clinical contexts. A reliability generalization meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the average reliability of the PI-WSUR scores and its subscales and to search for characteristics of the studies that can explain the heterogeneity among reliability coefficients. A total of 124 independent samples reported some coefficient alpha or test-retest correlation with the data at hand for the PI-WSUR scores. The average internal consistency reliability of the PI-WSUR total scores was .929 (95% CI [.922, .936]), and for the subscales, the means ranged from .792 to .900. The test-retest reliability for PI-WSUR total scores was .767 (95% CI [.700, .820]), with the subscales ranging from .540 to .790. Moderator analyses revealed a positive relationship between the standard deviation of PI-WSUR total scores and alpha coefficients, as well as higher reliability estimates for the original version of the test and for studies from North America. The reliability induction rate for the PI-WSUR was 53.7%. Regarding reliability, the PI-WSUR ranks among the best scales for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Internal consistency reliability was excellent for the PI-WSUR total score and good for the subscales.

Distribution of Capsular Types of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Peru.

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. A capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine is under development and requires determination of the valency. However, distribution of CPS types circulating globally is presently poorly described. We aimed to determine whether CPS type distribution in Peru differs from that in other endemic regions. We used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of CPS encoding genes capable of distinguishing all 35 CPS types on Campylobacter isolates in two prospective communities based studies conducted in cohorts of children less than 59 months of age in Peru. Results showed that CPS type HS4 complex was the most prevalent, followed by HS3 complex and HS15. Differences in CPS type for symptomatology were not statistically significant. Most subjects demonstrated repeated infections over time with different CPS types, suggesting that CPS types may confer of a level of homologous protective immunity. In this dataset, some differences in CPS type distribution were observed in comparison to other low-middle income countries. Further studies need to be conducted in endemic areas to increase our knowledge of CPS type distribution and guide vaccine development.

A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Padua Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions.

The Padua Inventory (PI) of obsessions and compulsions is one of the most usually applied tests to assess obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in research contexts as well as for clinical and screening purposes. A reliability generalization meta-analysis was accomplished to estimate the average reliability of the PI scores and to search for characteristics of the samples and studies that can explain the variability among reliability estimates. An exhaustive literature search enabled us to select 39 studies (53 independent samples) that reported alpha and/or test-retest coefficients with the data at hand for the PI total score and subscales. An excellent average coefficient alpha was found for the PI total score (M = .935; 95%CI = .922-.949) and for Impaired Mental Control subscale (M = .911; 95%CI = .897-.924), being good for Contamination (M = .861; 95%CI = .841-.882) and Checking (M = .880; 95%CI = .856-.903), and fair for Urges and Worries (M = .783; 95%CI = .745-.822). The average test-retest reliability for PI total score was also satisfactory (M = .835; 95%CI = .782-.877). Moderator analyses showed larger coefficients alpha for larger standard deviation of the PI total scores (p = .0005; R 2 = .46), for adapted versions of the test (p = .002; R 2 = .32), and for samples composed of clinical participants (p = .066; R 2 = .10). The practical implications of these results are discussed as well as the need for researchers to report reliability estimates with the data at hand.

A reliability generalization meta-analysis of the padua inventory of obsessions and compulsions

The Padua Inventory (PI) of obsessions and compulsions is one of the most usually applied tests to assess obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in research contexts as well as for clinical and screening purposes. A reliability generalization meta-analysis was accomplished to estimate the average reliability of the PI scores and to search for characteristics of the samples and studies that can explain the variability among reliability estimates. An exhaustive literature search enabled us to select 39 studies (53 independent samples) that reported alpha and/or test-retest coefficients with the data at hand for the PI total score and subscales. An excellent average coefficient alpha was found for the PI total score (M = .935; 95%CI = .922-.949) and for Impaired Mental Control subscale (M = .911; 95%CI = .897-.924), being good for Contamination (M = .861; 95%CI = .841-.882) and Checking (M = .880; 95%CI = .856-.903), and fair for Urges and Worries (M = .783; 95%CI = .745-.822). The average test-retest reliability for PI total score was also satisfactory (M = .835; 95%CI = .782-.877). Moderator analyses showed larger coefficients alpha for larger standard deviation of the PI total scores (p = .0005; R2 = .46), for adapted versions of the test (p = .002; R2 = .32), and for samples composed of clinical participants (p = .066; R2 = .10). The practical implications of these results are discussed as well as the need for researchers to report reliability estimates with the data at hand

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The Effect of Solution-Focused Versus Problem-Focused Questions: A Replication.

In therapeutic conversations, questions can be considered as interventions in their own right. This study is a cross-cultural replication of Grant (Journal of Systemic Therapies, 2012, 31, 2, 21) study on the effects of different types of questions on various clinically relevant variables. A total of 204 students of a Spanish university described a real-life problem that they wanted to solve and were then randomly assigned to either a solution-focused or a problem-focused questions condition. Before and after answering the questions, they completed a set of measures that assessed positive and negative affect, self-efficacy, and goal attainment. Solution-focused questions produced a significantly greater increase in self-efficacy, goal approach, and action steps than problem-focused questions, and a significantly greater decrease in negative affect, providing further empirical support to solution-focused practices.

La Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) en fibromialgia: análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad / Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in fibromyalgia: sensitivity and specificity analysis

La sociedad española de Reumatología (SER) (rivera et al., 2006) recomienda la escala de ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS, Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) para la evaluación clínica de ansiedad y depresión en Fibromialgia (FM). sin embargo, no constan índices de sensibilidad/especificidad ni puntos de corte en FM. Con el objetivo de comprobar aplicabilidad, propiedades psicométricas y sensibilidad/especificidad del HAD en FM, se evaluó a 131 pacientes ambulatorios del Hospital de san Vicente (alicante, España), utilizando como criterios externos BDI y STAI-E. se analizaron ítems, consistencia interna y estructura factorial mediante análisis confirmatorio y puntos de corte con curvas ROC. Se replicó la estructura de dos factores. La fiabilidad es adecuada (HADA=.80, HADD=.85). Se muestran diferentes puntos de corte con sensibilidad/especificidad superior al 70 por ciento para cada subescala. El Had presenta propiedades psicométricas óptimas en población FM, mostrándose útil como instrumento de "screening" de sintomatología ansioso-depresiva en esta población.

Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) (Rivera et al., 2006) suggests the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) for clinical assessment of anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia (FM). However, there is no HAD-FM cut-off yet. Aiming to assess applicability, psychometric properties and sensitivity/specificity of HADS in FM, 131 outpatients were assessed at San Vicente Hospital (Fibromyalgia service, Alicante, Spain), using like external criteria BDI and STAI-E. Item analysis was performed, calculating the internal consistency and factor structure study by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The cut-off points were found by ROC curves. Two-factor structure was replicated. Reliability is adequate (HADA=.80, HADD=.85). Several cut-off points are showed with sensitivity and specificity levels >70 percent for both subscales. HADS has optimal psychometric properties in FM and its useful as a screening tool to assess anxious-depressive symptoms in FM patients.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is the most frequently applied test to assess obsessive compulsive symptoms. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the Y-BOCS to estimate the average reliability, examine the variability among the reliability estimates, search for moderators, and propose a predictive model that researchers and clinicians can use to estimate the expected reliability of the Y-BOCS. We included studies where the Y-BOCS was applied to a sample of adults and reliability estimate was reported. Out of the 11,490 references located, 144 studies met the selection criteria. For the total scale, the mean reliability was 0.866 for coefficients alpha, 0.848 for test-retest correlations, and 0.922 for intraclass correlations. The moderator analyses led to a predictive model where the standard deviation of the total test and the target population (clinical vs. nonclinical) explained 38.6% of the total variability among coefficients alpha. Finally, clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Reliability generalization study of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for children and adolescents.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for children and adolescents (CY-BOCS) is a frequently applied test to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the CY-BOCS to estimate the average reliability, search for reliability moderators, and propose a predictive model that researchers and clinicians can use to estimate the expected reliability of the CY-BOCS scores. A total of 47 studies reporting a reliability coefficient with the data at hand were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed good reliability and a large variability associated to the standard deviation of total scores and sample size.

Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Dieting Peer Competitiveness Scale to adolescents of both genders.

This study examined the Dieting Peer Competitiveness Scale; it is an instrument for evaluating this social comparison in young people. This instrumental study has two aims: The objective of the first aim was to present preliminary psychometric data from the Spanish version of the Dieting Peer Competitiveness Scale, including statistical item analysis, research about this instrument's internal structure, and a reliability analysis, from a sample of 1067 secondary school adolescents. The second objective of the study corresponds to confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's internal structure, as well as analysis for evidence of validity from a sample of 1075 adolescents.

Elaboración de un cuestionario para la evaluación de competencias genéricas en estudiantes universitarios / No disponible

Las orientaciones educativas promovidas por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) requieren la planificación didáctica de materias o asignaturas orientadas hacia la adquisición de competencias por parte del alumno. En este proceso se hacen necesarias también las herramientas que permitan la evaluación de dichas competencias. Nuestro objetivo es la elaboración de un instrumento para evaluar las competencias adquiridas y el grado potencial de inserción en el mercado laboral de los estudiantes universitarios. Para ello, elaboramos un cuestionario inicial con 52 ítems de respuesta graduada que contestaron 94 estudiantes de cuarto curso de la Licenciatura de Psicología de una universidad española. Obtuvimos un cuestionario final de 45 ítems, con una consistencia interna de 0,92, distribuidos en seis factores, y que explican el 53,15% de la varianza total. El cuestionario desarrollado podría aplicarse tanto en organizacionales como académicos (AU)

The educational orientations promoted by the European Space of High Education (EEES) they require the didactic planning of matters or subjects guided toward the acquisition of competences on the part of the student. In this process they become necessary the tools that allow the evaluation of this competences. Our aim is the elaboration of an instrument to evaluate the acquired competences and the potential grade of insert in the labour market of the university students. For it, we elaborate an initial questionnaire with 52 items of graduate answer that 94 students of fourth course of the Degree of Psychology of a Spanish university answered. We obtained a final questionnaire of 45 items, with an internal consistency of 0, 92, distributed in six factors, explaining 53,15% of the total variance. The developed questionnaire could be applied so much in organizational as academic settings (AU)