ABSTRACT
The most widely used class of antivirals available for Influenza treatment are the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) Oseltamivir and Zanamivir. However, amino acid (AA) substitutions in the neuraminidase may cause reduced inhibition or high antiviral resistance. In Mexico, the current state of knowledge about NAI susceptibility is scarce, in this study we report the results of 14 years of Influenza surveillance by phenotypic and genotypic methods. A total of 255 isolates were assessed with the NAI assay, including Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and Influenza B (IBV). Furthermore, 827 sequences contained in the GISAID platform were analyzed in search of relevant mutations.Overall, five isolates showed highly reduced inhibition or reduced inhibition to Oseltamivir, and two showed reduced inhibition to Zanamivir in the NAI assays. Additionally, five A(H1N1)pdm09 sequences from the GISAID possessed AA substitutions associated to reduced inhibition to Oseltamivir and none to Zanamivir. Oseltamivir resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 harbored the H275Y mutation. No genetic mutations were identified in Influenza A(H3N2) and IBV. Overall, these results show that in Mexico the rate of NAI resistance is low (0.6%), but it is essential to continue the Influenza surveillance in order to understand the drug susceptibility of circulating strains.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents , Drug Resistance, Viral , Influenza B virus , Influenza, Human , Neuraminidase , Oseltamivir , Zanamivir , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Mexico/epidemiology , Humans , Influenza B virus/drug effects , Influenza B virus/genetics , Influenza, Human/virology , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Oseltamivir/pharmacology , Zanamivir/pharmacology , Neuraminidase/genetics , Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Mutation , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics , Adult , Influenza A virus/drug effects , Influenza A virus/genetics , Adolescent , Child , Amino Acid Substitution , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Child, Preschool , Genotype , Male , Aged , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
We identified 2 poultry workers with conjunctivitis caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N3) viruses in Jalisco, Mexico. Genomic and antigenic analyses of 1 isolate indicated relatedness to poultry and wild bird subtype H7N3 viruses from North America. This isolate had a multibasic cleavage site that might have been derived from recombination with host rRNA.
