The bioactive constituents and antioxidant activities of ten selected Brazilian Cerrado fruits.

This study measured the total levels of phenolic, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and tocopherol compounds, and vitamin C in ten fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado: araçá-boi, bacaba, bacupari, biribá, cajuí, curriola, marmelada-espinho, mirindiba, murici, and puçá-preto. Five extracts were prepared from each fruit using solvents with different polarities. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and inhibition of ß-carotene bleaching were determined for each extract. Scott-Knott test and principal component analysis showed that the analyzed fruits were rich sources of different classes of bioactive compounds, with levels comparable to those in commonly consumed fruits such as guavas, and various berries and citrus fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of biribá, cajuí, marmelada-espinho, and mirindiba. Moreover, mirindiba was found to be a rich source of vitamin C and phenolics, with an average level of carotenoids and tocopherols.

Obtaining a protocol for extraction of phenolics from açaí fruit pulp through Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology.

This work aimed to obtain a simplified extraction protocol for simultaneous achievement of total anthocyanin and total phenolic in açaí pulp using a 3-step optimization approach. First, a Plackett-Burman 20 was applied in 16 independent variables selected in literature. Secondly, seven factors pre-selected in the first screening were reassessed using a Plackett-Burman 12. Then, four selected factors; solid/solvent ratio (g:mL), acetone concentration (%), time of extraction in acidified ethanolic solution (min) and ethanol concentration (%) were optimized using a central composite design with response surface methodology. In addition, the optimized protocol were compared with two standardized extraction procedures assessing açaí and grape pulps. The optimized method is effective for the simultaneous extraction of total phenolics and total anthocyanins, allowing representative measurements of free radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH) and trolox equivalent capacity (TEAC) of grape and açaí pulps, with savings of time and reagents, moreover, avoiding the use of methanol.

First evaluation of the antimutagenic effect of mangaba fruit in vivo and its phenolic profile identification.

The chemical composition and functional effects of mangaba fruit pulp were evaluated through a multi-endpoint assay in mice, consisting of the bone marrow micronucleus test, gut micronucleus test, and the apoptosis, oxidative stress, and comet assays. Mangaba fruit pulp was administered in three doses, 10, 20, and 40ml/kg body weight (b.w.), by gavage to male Swiss mice against doxorubicin and dimethylhydrazine-induced mutagenicity. The phenolic profile of the mangaba fruit pulp was evaluated by HPLC, and seven compounds were identified: gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, o-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and rutin. The in vivo tests revealed that mangaba fruit pulp showed no toxic/mutagenic effects in any of the assays performed, and also showed protective effects at all endpoints. At the three administered extract concentrations, the main results about the protective effects were as follows: bone marrow micronucleus test (42.33, 58.14, and 77.21%), micronucleus gut test (34.21, 63.15, and 78.07%), and apoptosis index (57.5, 43.68, and 65.52%). This study provides scientific evidence for the antimutagenic potential of mangaba fruit pulp and emphasizes its potential as a functional food with widespread applicability in the food industry.

Avaliação de diferentes sanificantes na qualidade microbiológica de mandioquinha-salsa minimamente processada / Evaluation of different sanitizers on the microbiological quality of fresh-cut peruvian carrot

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a eficiência dos sanificantes hipoclorito de sódio, peróxido de hidrogênio e dicloro isocianurato de sódio aplicados antes e após o processamento mínimo de mandioquinha-salsa. Foram utilizadas raízes de mandioquinhasalsa da cultivar Amarela de Senador Amaral adquiridas no comércio local. Para limpeza superficial das raízes foram utilizados detergente e água. Após, as raízes foram divididas em dois grupos: controle (não sanificado) e sanificado, por imersão em dicloro isocianurato de sódio 100 mg.L-1, por 15 minutos. Em seguida foram descascadas, fatiadas em rodelas e imersas nos seguintes sanificantes: hipoclorito de sódio (25, 50 e 100 mg.L-1, por 10 minutos), peróxido de hidrogênio (3 e 6 por cento, por 5 minutos) e dicloro isocianurato de sódio (50, 100 e 200 mg.L-1, por 10 minutos); embaladas e armazenadas em câmara fria ( 5 ± 1ºC e 98 por cento UR), durante 15 dias. As análises realizadas a cada 3 dias foram pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, colimetria e pesquisa de Salmonella sp.. As variáveis pH, AT e SS não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos utilizados. A presença de coliformes 45 ºC e Salmonella sp. não foi detectada, durante o armazenamento de mandioquinha-salsa minimamente processada, controle ou sanificada e foram observadas contagens baixas para coliformes 35 ºC. A sanificação do produto antes do processamento com dicloro isocianurato de sódio 100 mg.L-1 e condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas, durante o processamento, possibilita a obtenção de um produto com padrão microbiológico de acordo com a legislação de alimentos, até o 15º dia de armazenamento.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and sodium dichloro isocianurate applied before and after the minimum processing of the Peruvian carrot. Peruvian carrots of the cultivar Amarela de Senador Amaral purchased in the local commerce were utilized. Detergent and water were used for the surface cleaning of the roots. Afterwards, the roots were divided into two groups: control (not sanitized) and sanitized, for immersion into 100mg.L-1 sodium dichloro isocyanurate for 15 minutes. They were then peeled, sliced into rings and immersed into the following sanitizers: sodium hypochlorite (25, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 for 10 minutes), hydrogen peroxide (3 and 6 percent, for 5 minutes) and sodium dichloro isocyanurate (50, 100 and 200 mg.L-1 for 10 minutes); packed and stored in cold chamber ( 5 ± 1ºC and 98 percent RH) for 15 days. The following analyses were performed every 3 days: pH, titrable acidity, soluble solids, coliforms determination and search for Salmonella. The pH, AT and SS variables were not affected by the used treatments. The presence of coliforms at 45ºC and Salmonella was not detected during the storage of either control or sanitized fresh-cut Peruvian carrots and low counts for coliforms at 35ºC were found. The sanitization of the produce before processing with 100mg.L-1 sodium dichloro isocyanurate and hygienic-sanitary conditions during processing allow obtaining a produce with microbiological standard according to the food legislation until the 15th day of storage.

Qualidade de mandioquinha-salsa minimamente processada e armazenada sob atmosfera modificada / Quality of fresh-cut peruvian carrot: use of modified atmosphere

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da atmosfera modificada, passiva e ativa, sobre a conservação de mandioquinha-salsa minimamente processada da cultivar 'Amarela de Senador Amaral', adquirida de lavoura comercial do Município de Lavras, Minas Gerais (MG). As raízes foram selecionadas, lavadas com detergente neutro e enxaguadas em água corrente. Em seguida, foram imersas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio 300mg L-1, por 15 minutos, e secas em temperatura ambiente. As raízes foram descascadas e cortadas em fatias de aproximadamente 1cm de espessura, imersas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio 50mg L-1, por 10 minutos, drenadas em peneiras plásticas e embaladas. As bandejas contendo as fatias de mandioquinha-salsa foram armazenadas em câmara fria (5±1°C e 98 por cento UR) por 15 dias. As seguintes análises foram realizadas a cada três dias: pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, firmeza, valores L* e b*, amido e avaliação sensorial (aparência e cor). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, sendo três tipos de atmosferas (passiva; ativa com injeção inicial das misturas: 2 por cento O2 + 10 por cento CO2 e 5 por cento O2 + 5 por cento CO2) e seis tempos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias), com três repetições. Os valores médios de pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis e firmeza encontrados neste trabalho foram 6,79, 0,13 por cento de ácido málico, 4,04°Brix e 5,17N, respectivamente. A atmosfera modificada ativa (5 por cento de O2 + 5 por cento CO2) determinou maior valor L* às mandioquinhas-salsa minimamente processadas no sexto e no décimo segundo dia de armazenamento, quando comparada com a atmosfera (2 por cento de O2 e 10 por cento CO2). A atmosfera modificada ativa com 5 por cento O2 + 5 por cento CO2 determinou maiores valor b* e teores de amido às fatias de mandioquinha-salsa em comparação com as outras atmosferas. Conclui-se que a atmosfera ...

The aim of this research was to verify the effect of the passive and active modified atmosphere on the conservation of fresh-cut peruvian carrot, cv. Amarela de Senador Amaral, purchased from a commercial crop of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The roots were screened, washed with neutral detergent and rinsed in running water. Afterwards, they were immersed into a solution of 300mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes and dried at room temperature. The roots were peeled and cut in slices of about 1cm of thickness and immersed into a solution of 50mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, drained in plastic sieves and packed. The trays containing the slices of Peruvian carrot were stored in a cold room (5±1°C and 98 percent RH) for 15 days. The following analyses were performed every 3 days: : pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids, firmness, L* and b* values, starch and sensorial evaluation (appearance and color). The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) in a 3 x 6 factorial scheme, with 3 sorts of atmospheres (passive; active with initial injection of the mixtures: 2 percent O2 + 10 percent CO2 e 5 percent O2 + 5 percent CO2) and 6 times of storage (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days) with 3 replicates. The average values of pH, titrable acidity, soluble solids and firmness found in this work were 6.79, 0.13 percent of malic acid, 4.04°Brix and 5.17 N, respectively. The active modified atmosphere (5 percent de O2 + 5 percent CO2) determined higher L* value to the fresh cut Peruvian carrots at the sixth and twelfth day of storage as compared with the active (2 percent of O2 + 10 percent CO2). The active modified atmosphere with 5 percent O2 + 5 percent CO2 determined higher b* values and starch contents to the slices of Peruvian carrots as compared with the other atmospheres. It can be concluded that the passive modified atmosphere associated with refrigeration and good practices of manufacture is enough to extend the ...

Armazenamento de morango sob atmosfera modificada e refrigeração / Storage of strawberry under modified atmosphere and refrigeration

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, prolongar a vida pós-colheita de morangos, submetidos à atmosfera modificada ativa (2 por cento O2 + 10 por cento CO2 e 5 por cento O2 + 5 por cento CO2) e armazenados sob refrigeração (9 ± 1ºC e 99 por cento UR) por 10 dias. O experimento foi realizado no DCA/Ufla, em Lavras, MG. Diante dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, pôde-se concluir que os morangos não sofreram influência da atmosfera modificada em relação aos frutos- controle, quanto aos parâmetros avaliados.

The goal of this work was to draw out the shelf-life of strawberries, submitted to the active modified atmosphere (2 percent O2 + 10 percent CO2 and 5 percent O2 + 5 percent CO2) and stored under refrigeration (9 ± 1ºC and 99 percent UR) by 10 days. The experiment was carried through in the DCA/Ufla, in Lavras, MG. With the results gotten in this work, it may be concluded that the strawberries did not suffer any influence of the modified atmosphere in relation to the controlled fruits, according to the evaluated parameters.