Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in treadmill trained rats.

Inflammation has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and the key point is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exercise modulates medullary neurons involved in cardiovascular control. We investigated the effect of chronic exercise training (Tr) in treadmill running on gene expression (GE) of ROS and inflammation in commNTS and RVLM neurons. Male Wistar rats (N = 7/group) were submitted to training in a treadmill running (1 h/day, 5 days/wk/10 wks) or maintained sedentary (Sed). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), neuroglobin (Ngb), Cytoglobin (Ctb), NADPH oxidase (Nox), cicloxigenase-2 (Cox-2), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene expression were evaluated in commNTS and RVLM neurons by qPCR. In RVLM, Tr rats increased Ngb (1.285 ± 0.03 vs. 0.995 ± 0.06), Cygb (1.18 ± 0.02 vs.0.99 ± 0.06), SOD (1.426 ± 0.108 vs. 1.00 ± 0.08), CAT (1.34 ± 0.09 vs. 1.00 ± 0.08); and decreased Nox (0.55 ± 0.146 vs. 1.001 ± 0.08), Cox-2 (0.335 ± 0.05 vs. 1.245 ± 0.02), NOS1 (0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 1.08 ± 0.209) GE compared to Sed. In commNTS, Tr rats increased SOD (1.384 ± 0.13 vs. 0.897 ± 0.101), CAT GE (1.312 ± 0.126 vs. 0.891 ± 0.106) and decreased Cox-2 (0.052 ± 0.011 vs. 1.06 ± 0.207) and NOS1 (0.1550 ± 0.03559 vs. 1.122 ± 0.26) GE compared to Sed. Therefore, GE of proteins of the inflammatory process reduced while GE of antioxidant proteins increased in the commNTS and RVLM after training, suggesting a decrease in oxidative stress of downstream pathways mediated by nitric oxide.

Exercise Training Prevents Cardiovascular Derangements Induced by Fructose Overload in Developing Rats.

The risks of chronic diseases associated with the increasing consumption of fructose-laden foods are amplified by the lack of regular physical activity and have become a serious public health issue worldwide. Moreover, childhood eating habits are strongly related to metabolic syndrome in adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the preventive role of exercise training undertaken concurrently with a high fructose diet on cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress in male rats after weaning. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group): Sedentary control (SC), Trained control (TC), Sedentary Fructose (SF) and Trained Fructose (TF). Training was performed on a treadmill (8 weeks, 40-60% of maximum exercise test). Evaluations of cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress in plasma and in left ventricle (LV) were performed. Chronic fructose overload induced glucose intolerance and an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, in myocardial performance index (MPI) (SF:0.42±0.04 vs. SC:0.24±0.05) and in arterial pressure (SF:122±3 vs. SC:113±1 mmHg) associated with increased cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation. Fructose also induced unfavorable changes in oxidative stress profile (plasmatic protein oxidation- SF:3.30±0.09 vs. SC:1.45±0.08 nmol/mg prot; and LV total antioxidant capacity (TRAP)- SF: 2.5±0.5 vs. SC:12.7±1.7 uM trolox). The TF group showed reduced WAT, glucose intolerance, MPI (0.35±0.04), arterial pressure (118±2mmHg), sympathetic modulation, plasmatic protein oxidation and increased TRAP when compared to SF group. Therefore, our findings indicate that cardiometabolic dysfunctions induced by fructose overload early in life may be prevented by moderate aerobic exercise training.

Zygomatic implants placed using the zygomatic anatomy-guided approach versus the classical technique: a proposed system to report rhinosinusitis diagnosis.

PURPOSE: The first aim of this study is to compare the outcomes in rehabilitating the atrophic maxilla using zygomatic implants (ZIs) and regular implants (RIs) using the classical zygomatic technique (CZT) versus the zygomatic anatomy-guided approach (ZAGA). The second goal of this paper is to propose a standardized system to report rhinosinusitis diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive zygomatic patients operated on from 1998 to 2002 and 80 consecutive zygomatic patients operated on from 2004 to October 2009 were selected. All included patients were in a maintenance program. Survival rates (SRs) of ZI and RI were recorded. Implants were individually tested using Periotest® (Periotest value [PTv], Siemens AG, Bensheim, UK). Sinus health was radiographically and clinically assessed according to Lund-Mackay system and Lanza and Kennedy survey recommended by Task Force on Rhinosinusitis for research outcomes. A satisfaction questionnaire (Oral Health Impact Profile for assessing health-related quality of life in Edentulous adults) and different anatomical measurements were also performed. RESULTS: No significant differences (p = .602) were observed with respect to SR between the two groups (95.12% vs 96.79%). Significant differences (p = .000) were found comparing measurements of ZI head distance to the alveolar crest (5.12 ± 2.38 mm vs 2.92 ± 2.30 mm). With the CZT, more palatal emergence of ZI was observed. PTv gave significantly greater stability for the CZT compared with the ZAGA group in both measurements (-4.38 ± 1.75 vs -2.49 ± 4.31, p = .000; -4.94 ± 1.46 vs -3.11 ± 5.06, p = .000). Lund-Mackay score was significantly lower for the ZAGA group (2.38 ± 3.86 vs 0.56 ± 1.26, p = .042). Statistically significant difference (p = .047) regarding the percentage of patients with no signs or symptoms of rhinosinusitis (Lanza and Kennedy test negative and Lund-Mackay score zero) was observed between groups (54.55% vs 76.25%, p = .047). CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures had similar clinical outcomes with respect to implant survival. The ZAGA concept is able to immediately rehabilitate the severely atrophic maxillae, minimizing the risk of maxillary sinus-associated pathology. Moreover, less bulky, more comfortable, and easy to clean prostheses are achieved.

Para além dos “muros” da Nossa Casa: a construção de uma história em movimento / Beyond the “walls” of Nossa Casa: the construction of a history at movement

O artigo propõe uma reflexão e análise crítica do processo de fazer história, como uma construção dos homens, especialmente no que se refere a história da loucura e sua relação com a Saúde (Mental) Pública. Neste contexto, faz a discussão dos fatos e personagens e a importância destes na construção do CAPS Nossa Casa, um serviço extra-hospitalar pioneiro e que é referência na forma de tratar e cuidar deste personagem histórico, o “louco”, e que acontece no bojo da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e do Movimento Sanitarista. O artigo enfatiza ainda a importância destes serviços operarem dentro de uma rede integrada visando maior resolutividade, ressaltando o papel fundamental do gestor neste processo. Conclui com a idéia de que também em CAPS é possível haver processo de cronificação e de reprodução de lógicas manicomiais, chamando a atenção, por fim, do abandono evidente por parte do poder público, que a Nossa Casa vem sofrendo ao longo dos últimos anos

Para além dos muros da Nossa Casa: a construção de uma história em movimento / Beyond the walls of Nossa Casa: the construction of a history at movement

O artigo propõe uma reflexão e análise crítica do processo de fazer história, como uma construção dos homens, especialmente no que se refere a história da loucura e sua relação com a Saúde (Mental) Pública. Neste contexto, faz a discussão dos fatos e personagens e a importância destes na construção do CAPS Nossa Casa, um serviço extra-hospitalar pioneiro e que é referência na forma de tratar e cuidar deste personagem histórico, o “louco”, e que acontece no bojo da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e do Movimento Sanitarista. O artigo enfatiza ainda a importância destes serviços operarem dentro de uma rede integrada visando maior resolutividade, ressaltando o papel fundamental do gestor neste processo. Conclui com a idéia de que também em CAPS é possível haver processo de cronificação e de reprodução de lógicas manicomiais, chamando a atenção, por fim, do abandono evidente por parte do poder público, que a Nossa Casa vem sofrendo ao longo dos últimos anos.

The article proposes a critical reflection and analysis of the process of making history, as a human construction, specially to refer to the history of madness and its relation with Public (Mental) Health. Based on this, it discusses of the facts and the characters and their importance in the construction of the “CAPS Nossa Casa”, a pioneer extra-hospital service and which is a reference in how to treat and take care of this historical character, the “mad one”, and that takes place in the center of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the Sanitarist Movement. The article also emphasizes the importance of these services to operate withinof an integrated network aiming at a greater resolutivity, emphasizing the fundamental role of the manager in this process. Finally, it concludes with the idea that even in the CAPS it is possible to have a chronic and reproduction of Psychiatric Hospital logicals process, calling attention, at the end, of evident abandonment by the public power, that “Nossa Casa” has been suffering in the last few years.

A percepção do papel do conselheiro usuário de saúde, da 12° coordenadoria regional de saúde / The perception of the role of the user counselor of health, from 12th regional co-ordination of health

Este estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a percepção do papel do conselheiro do segmento usuário de saúde, segundo os próprios conselheiros usuários. A região escolhida para o trabalho de campo foi a 12° coordenadoria regional de saúde (12° crs), cuja sede está localizada no município de Santo Ângelo. Tomou-se como pressuposto para o estudo a importância para o controle social e da participação popular, asseguradas na constituição federal de 1988, assim como se problematizou a capacitação de conselheiros referente às políticas de saúde...