Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
1.
Case Rep Pathol ; 2021: 5045250, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34873455

ABSTRACT

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) are most commonly seen in infants and children but are rare in adults. Most adult SCT are benign and mature with a minority of tumors having immature components or overt malignancy. Here, we report a 65-year-old female with a SCT developing adenocarcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with benign sacrococcygeal cystic teratoma on her initial hospital visit and was treated with surgical resection. She was followed up postoperatively and was noted to have a markedly elevated CA 19-9 level 13 months after the surgery. Radiological and clinical examination revealed thickening of the perirectal soft tissues, located near the inferior portion of her previous incision site. Histological evaluation of the lesion showed invasive, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining results were suggestive, but not diagnostic, of anal gland adenocarcinoma. This case report expands the knowledge regarding an adenocarcinoma arising from a previously benign, adult SCT.

4.
Arch. Fac. Med. Zaragoza ; 49(1): 6-22, mar. 2009. tab, mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146237

ABSTRACT

El análisis de STRs del cromosoma Y resulta de gran utilidad para diversas aplicaciones de la genética forense y, por su herencia haplotípica, para estudios antropológico-evolutivos. Las bases de datos de ADN son imprescindibles para evaluar e interpretar estadísticamente los resultados obtenidos en las periciales forenses e investigaciones de paternidad. A pesar de los avances en las técnicas de análisis de ADN, y su implantación casi universal, sorprende que aun existan muchas poblaciones sin caracterizar genéticamente, como es el caso de algunas poblaciones del continente americano, en particular Nicaragua. Este trabajo es un paso previo en la caracterización genética exhaustiva de la población de Nicaragua por medio de los principales marcadores genéticos de uso forense. En esta primera aproximación se han analizado 17 Y-STRs de 149 individuos mestizos de Nicaragua. Se obtuvieron 141 haplotipos diferentes del total de la muestra, resultando en una elevada diversidad haplotípica, de 0.9992. El poder de discriminación para el conjunto de haplotipos de los 17 Y-STRs fue de 0.9925. Estos resultados muestran que estos 17 Y-STR son altamente polimórficos y tienen un elevado poder de discriminación en esta población mestiza de Nicaragua. Dichos datos generaran una base de datos de Y-STRs, que no solo será de utilidad para las investigaciones forenses y de paternidad en Nicaragua, sino también en España debido a la elevada representación de la comunidad nicaragüense que ya existe en nuestro país. Para estimar el origen geográfico de los cromosomas Y, a cada muestra se le asignó un haplogrupo característico. El haplogrupo R 1b resultó ser el mayoritario (46.9%), mientras que los haplogrupos Q y E1 b fueron los siguientes más representativos (14.7% y 15,4%, respectivamente). Estos resultados confirman la existencia de una asimetría genética sexual en la población mestiza de Nicaragua. Esto mismo se ha observado en otros estudios de poblaciones mestizas de Colombia, Ecuador y México, en los que existe un componente masculino de origen europeo predominante, que se corresponde con la herencia de los antiguos conquistadores y colonos españoles (AU)


Analysing the STRs of the Y chromosome is very useful for various applications of forensic genetics and, because of its haplotypic heredity, for anthropological-evolutionary studies. DNA databases are essential to statistically assess and interpret the results obtained from forensic experts and paternity research. Despite the progress made in DNA analysis techniques, and its almost universal implementation, it is surprising that there are still a lot of populations that have not been genetically characterised, as is the case of some population of the American continent, Nicaragua in particular. This work is a step towards detailed genetic characterisation of the population of Nicaragua by means of the principal genetic markers used in forensics. In this first approach 17 STRs of 149 mixed race individuals of Nicaragua were analysed. 141 different haplotypes were obtained from the whole sample, resulting in a high haplotypic diversity, of 0.9992. The power of discrimination for the set of haplotypes of the 17 Y-STRs was 0.9925. These results show that these 17 Y-STRs are highly polymorphic and they have a high power of discrimination in this mixed race population of Nicaragua. This data will generate a database of Y-STRs, which will not only be useful for forensic and paternity research in Nicaragua, but also in Spain due to the high number of Nicaraguans that are in our country. To estimate the geographical origin of the Y chromosomes, each sample was assigned a characteristic haplogroup. The R1b haplogroup was the largest group (46.9%1, followed by the Q and E1b haplogroups (14.7% and 15.4%, respectively). These results confirm the existence a genetic sexual asymmetry in the mixed race population of Nicaragua. This has also been observed in other studies on mixed race populations of Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico, in which there is a masculine component of predominantly European origin, which correspond to the heredity of the old Spanish conquistadors and colonists (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetics, Population/trends , Population Dynamics/trends , Sex Chromosomes/genetics , Forensic Genetics/trends , Haplotypes , Human Characteristics , Genetic Techniques , Nicaragua , Asymmetric Cell Division
5.
Arch. Fac. Med. Zaragoza ; 48(1): 8-15, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-74258

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años ha habido un creciente interés por los estudios genéticos en poblaciones latinoamericanas, principalmente con objetivos evolutivos y forenses. En este estudio se ha analizado la distribución de frecuencias de 15 sistemas genéticos STRs autonómicos y de la distribución haplotípica de 12 marcadores STR de cromosoma Y en muestras de los tres grupos étnicos principales de Ecuador (AU)


In the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in genetic studies of Latin-American populations, with evolutionary and forensic purposes. Ecuador’s population is mainly structured in three major ethnic groups: mestizos, Native Americans and Afro-Americans. It is a small country with huge ethnic richness. However, there are few studies about these populations, especially about native Americans and Afro-Americans. In this study the frequency distribution of 15 autosomal STRs, and the haplotipic distribution of 12 Y-STRs have been analysed in samples form the three principal ethnic groups from Ecuador (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Genetics/education , Genetics/history , Genetic Techniques/instrumentation , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genetic Markers/physiology , Genetics, Population/methods , Ecuador/epidemiology , Genetics/ethics , Genetics/standards , Genetics/trends , Genetic Markers/ethics , Models, Genetic
6.
Arch. Fac. Med. Zaragoza ; 48(1): 16-20, mar. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-74259

ABSTRACT

La caracterización genética de las poblaciones iberoamericanas resulta trascendental desde el punto de vista antropológico pero también desde el punto de vista de las investigaciones forenses y de criminalística. Nicaragua es el país más grande de Iberoamérica, y a pesar de que también es el menos poblado, su población tiene carácter multiétnico, estando conformado por mestizos, blancos, negros y amerindios, En este estudio se han determinado las frecuencias génicas de 15 STRs autosómicos en una muestra de la población nicaragüenses(AU)


The genetic caracterization of the different Ibero-American populations is of great interest for anthropological purposes, but also for forensic and criminal investigations. Nicaragua is the biggest country in Ibero-America, and although it is the least populated country, its population is multiethnic, being composed of mestizos, white, black and amerindios, In this study, the genetic frequencies of 15 autosomal STRs have been determined in a sample of the Nicaraguan population(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Genetics/education , Genetics/history , Genetic Techniques/instrumentation , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genetic Markers/physiology , Genetics, Population/methods , Anthropology, Cultural/methods , Nicaragua/epidemiology
7.
Arch. Fac. Med. Zaragoza ; 47(3): 65-71, dic. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66653

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de los diferentes métodos de extracción de ADN a partir de muestras biológicas comunes: sangre, semen y saliva. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar las ventajas e inconvenientes de los diversos procedimientos de extracción, para poder evaluar qué métodos son los más adecuados en las distintas investigaciones forenses. La sangre, el semen y la saliva son evidencias biológicas muy comunes en investigaciones médico-legales, especialmente en crímenes violentos. La sangre y la saliva son excelentes fuentes de ADN, que no presentan grandes dificultades en el proceso de extracción de ADN. Por eso, este tipo de evidencias se utilizan como muestras indubitadas para obtener el perfil genético de las personas implicadas en la investigación. En cambio, la extracción de ADN a partir de muestras de semen puede resultar problemática, ya que es habitual hallar mezclar de semen con células epiteliales vaginales u otros fluidos biológicos procedentes de la víctima. Esto dará lugar a una mezcla de perfiles genéticos en el genotipado de las muestras, por lo que será necesaria la separación de los diferentes tipos celulares para poder discriminar el perfil genético masculino del femenino


We have reviewed the different methods for DNA extraction from common biological samples: blood, semen and saliva. The advantages and disadvantages of the extraction methods have been considered, so that the most adequate techniques in the different forensic investigations can be avaluated. Blood, semen and saliva are very common biological evidences in medical legal investigations, especially in violent assaults. Blood and saliva are excellent DNA sources, which do not present many problems in the DNA extraction process. For this reason, these kinds of evidence are used as reference samples to obtain genetic profiles. Otherwise, the DNA extraction form sperm could be problematic, since it´s usual to find mixtures of sperm and female vaginal cells. In such cases the female DNA could mask the genetic profile of the male component, and it would be necessary to separate the different cell types, so individual DNA profiles can be obtained


Subject(s)
DNA/analysis , DNA/blood , DNA , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/methods , Genetic Markers/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Blood Chemical Analysis/methods , Semen , Saliva , DNA/genetics , Genetic Markers/ethics , Genetic Markers/physiology , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Molecular Biology/methods , DNA Polymerase I/analysis , DNA/isolation & purification
8.
Arch. Fac. Med. Zaragoza ; 47(3): 72-75, dic. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66654

ABSTRACT

Este estudio es una breve revisión de los métodos principales para la extracción de ADN a partir de muestras complejas, como el pelo y tejidos incluidos en parafina, y como han ido evolucionando a lo largo de los años. Desde las primeras técnicas que surgieron, como la extracción orgánica, hasta los nuevos avances tecnológicos. El pelo es uno de los materiales biológicos más comúnmente asociado con las investigaciones medico legales. A pesar de ello, es una muestra delicada, y probablemente la que presente un mayor índice de fracasos a la hora de obtener resultados tras su análisis, después de los restos óseos antiguos. La extracción de ADN a partir de muestras de tejidos incluidos en parafina se realiza usualmente cuando no se dispone de muestras biológicas “frescas” del individuo implicado en una investigación forense. En estas circunstancias puede obtenerse el genotipo del individuo a partir de muestras antiguas procedentes de biopsias, cirugías o autopsias. Sin embargo, la extracción resulta complicada porque generalmente se trata de un material escaso y degradado


This study is a brief revisión of the main DNA extraction methods for complex samples, like hair and paraffin-embedded tisúes, and how they have evolved through time. We describe from the first techniques, such as organic extraction, to the new technological advances. Hair is one of the biological evidences most commonly associated to medical legal investigations. In spite of this fact, it is a delicate sample, and probably presents the larger failure ratio in order to obtain results, after skeletal remains samples. The Dna extraction from paraffin-embedded tissues samples is usually carried out when there aren´t “fresh” biological samples from an individual involved in a forensic investigation. In this ´circumstances, we can obtain the individual´s genotipe from old samples coming from biopsy, surgery or autopsy. However, the extraction is complex because generally is a poor and degraded material


Subject(s)
DNA/analysis , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/methods , Genetic Markers/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Hair/anatomy & histology , Hair/chemistry , DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Paraffin/analysis , Paraffin/chemical synthesis , Paraffin
9.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 20(6): 442-448, nov. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052409

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las características y tendencias de los nuevos diagnósticos de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Métodos: Se analizaron los nuevos diagnósticos del VIH entre los residentes en Canarias, Ceuta, La Rioja, Navarra y País Vasco desde 2000 hasta 2004. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 1.807 infecciones, 74,4 por millón de habitantes y año. Predominó la categoría de transmisión heterosexual (48,6%), seguida por la homosexual/bisexual (23,0%) y la de usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral (UDVP) (22,5%). Entre 2000 y 2004, la tasa de diagnósticos del VIH ha disminuido un 29,8% (p < 0,001). La tasa de diagnósticos de infecciones de la categoría de UDVP disminuyó un 58,5% (p < 0,001) y, en hombres, la de infecciones de la categoría homosexual/bisexual disminuyó un 33,9% (p = 0,032). La tasa de diagnósticos de infecciones de la categoría heterosexual no ha presentado cambios significativos. En el período 2002-2004, el 28,7% de los casos correspondía a extranjeros, pero la tasa de diagnósticos en personas de otros países disminuyó un 24% (p = 0,053). El 39,7% de los diagnósticos del VIH fueron tardíos (con CD4 < 200 células/µl o coincidiendo con el sida). Esta situación fue menos frecuente en mujeres (odds ratio = 0,5; p < 0,001) y aumentó con la edad a partir de 30 años. La proporción de diagnósticos tardíos alcanzó el máximo en 2001 (47,5%) y disminuyó hasta 2004 (38,6%; p = 0,022). Conclusiones: Aunque ninguno de los indicadores analizados ha evolucionado desfavorablemente, se debe insistir en la prevención de la transmisión sexual, en el diagnóstico precoz de la infección por el VIH y en la adaptación de estas actividades a personas de otros países


Objective: To describe the characteristics and trends of newly diagnosed HIV-infections. Methods: We analysed all newly diagnosed HIV-infections among residents of the Canary Islands, Ceuta, La Rioja, Navarre and the Basque Country (Spain) between 2000 and 2004. Results: In total, 1,807 HIV-infections ­74.4 per million inhabitants, per year­ were diagnosed. The heterosexual transmission category was the most frequent (48.6%), followed by that of homo/bisexual men (23.0%) and injecting drug users (IDU) (22.5%). From 2000 to 2004, the rate of new diagnoses of HIV infection decreased by 29.8% (p < 0.0001). The rate of diagnoses of infections acquired by IDU diminished by 58.5% (p < 0.0001), and the rate of infections associated with homo/bisexual practices in men descended by 33.9% (p = 0.0318). Nevertheless, the rate of diagnoses of infections by heterosexual transmission has not undergone significant changes. In the period 2002-2004, 28.7% of cases were diagnosed in foreigners, but the rate of diagnoses in the population of non-Spanish origin diminished by 24% (p = 0.0534). 39.7% of HIV diagnoses were delayed (with CD4 < 200 cells/microlitre or coinciding with the diagnosis of AIDS). This situation was less frequent in women (odds ratio = 0.5; p < 0.001) and increased with age amongst people over 30. The proportion of delayed diagnoses reached a maximum in 2001 (47.5%) and then declined until 2004 (38.6%; p = 0.022). Conclusions: Although none of the analysed indicators evolved unfavourably, it is important to insist on the prevention of sexual transmission, the early diagnosis of HIV infection, and the need to adapt preventive activities and focus them on people from other countries


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/transmission , Age Distribution , Spain/epidemiology , Transients and Migrants
10.
Gac Sanit ; 20(6): 442-8, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17198621

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and trends of newly diagnosed HIV-infections. METHODS: We analysed all newly diagnosed HIV-infections among residents of the Canary Islands, Ceuta, La Rioja, Navarre and the Basque Country (Spain) between 2000 and 2004. RESULTS: In total, 1,807 HIV-infections -74.4 per million inhabitants, per year- were diagnosed. The heterosexual transmission category was the most frequent (48.6%), followed by that of homo/bisexual men (23.0%) and injecting drug users (IDU) (22.5%). From 2000 to 2004, the rate of new diagnoses of HIV infection decreased by 29.8% (p < 0.0001). The rate of diagnoses of infections acquired by IDU diminished by 58.5% (p < 0.0001), and the rate of infections associated with homo/bisexual practices in men descended by 33.9% (p = 0.0318). Nevertheless, the rate of diagnoses of infections by heterosexual transmission has not undergone significant changes. In the period 2002-2004, 28.7% of cases were diagnosed in foreigners, but the rate of diagnoses in the population of non-Spanish origin diminished by 24% (p = 0.0534). 39.7% of HIV diagnoses were delayed (with CD4 < 200 cells/microlitre or coinciding with the diagnosis of AIDS). This situation was less frequent in women (odds ratio = 0.5; p < 0.001) and increased with age amongst people over 30. The proportion of delayed diagnoses reached a maximum in 2001 (47.5%) and then declined until 2004 (38.6%; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Although none of the analysed indicators evolved unfavourably, it is important to insist on the prevention of sexual transmission, the early diagnosis of HIV infection, and the need to adapt preventive activities and focus them on people from other countries.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , Adult , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...