ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to characterize the spectrum of imaging findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: A retrospective review of 33 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome was performed. Radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) imaging was reviewed. RESULTS: Intrathoracic and intra-abdominal abnormalities were identified in 16 and 14 patients, respectively. Lymphadenopathy was detected on chest radiographs in 11 patients and on CT in 13. Focal consolidation (n = 8) and centrilobular nodularity (n = 8) were common CT findings. Lymphadenopathy was the predominant abdominal finding (n = 10). Splenomegaly (n = 9), ascites (n = 7), and multiple hypoattenuating splenic lesions (n = 6) were additional findings. Peripheral lymph node masses were detected in 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The most common manifestation of nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome is lymphadenopathy. Other common findings are pulmonary consolidation and centrilobular nodularity, ascites, splenomegaly, multiple hypoattenuating splenic lesions, and peripheral lymphadenopathy.
