[Structural bases of the barrier-protective function of the stomach and small intestine]. / Strukturnye osnovy bar'erno-zashchitnoi funktsii zheludka i tonkoi kishki.

The gastrointestinal tract acts as a barrier-protective tool in addition to its digestive and transport functions. The structural bases of the barrier protective function of the stomach and small intestine were shown in health, duodenal ulcer (DU), experimental gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU), vagotomy, and peritonitis in case of the interaction of these structures with parietal microflora (PM) which may be a valid criteria for assessing the barrier-protective function. PM increases in number in DU, GDU, vagotomy, and peritonitis. Various modifying interventions can normalize this parameter. Identifying the components of protective levels makes it possible to differentiate the affect of protective levels and makes it possible to differentiate affect some links of the barrier-protective function in order to restore it or prevent its disturbance.

[The healing of chronic stomach ulcers by irradiating them with a helium-neon laser in rats subjected to vagotomy]. / Zazhivlenie khronicheskikh iazv zheludka pri obluchenii ikh gelii-neonovym lazerom u krys, podvergnutykh vagotomii.

Helium-neon laser (HNL) irradiation of chronic gastric ulcers (GU) in rats subjected to vagotomy promotes their healing. This is linked with the vagotomy-induced decrease in the number of parietal and chief cells. Irradiation of the gastric mucous membrane with HNL accelerates the differentiation of the chief and parietal cells without increasing their relative volume in the fundal glands. The number of mucocytes in these glands increases, which facilitates intensification of the protective factors of the gastric mucosa. It was established that in complex use of vagotomy and HNL in chronic GU their positive properties are potentiated.

[Morphofunctional evaluation of the results of reconstructive operations of gastroenteroanastomosis in peptic ulcer]. / Morfofunktsional'naia otsenka rezul'tatov rekonstruktivnykh operatsii pri pepticheskoi iazve gastroenteroanastomoza.

The mucosa of the gastric stump, abducting and adducting loops of small intestine in patients with peptic ulcers of gastrointestinal anastomosis has been examined with scanning, transmission electron and light microscopy, morphometry, and the study of secretion at various periods after reconstructive surgery combined with vagotomy. An increase of the number of chief and parietal cells in the gastric stump fundal glands, increase of the thickness of the mucosa due to the deepening of the crypts of the adducting and abducting loops of the small intestine, and alteration of the mucosal microrelief of the gastric stump and small intestine are noted in peptic ulcers of gastrointestinal anastomosis especially near the site of anastomosis. This is accompanied by an increase of mucosal secretory activity. Reconstructive operations combined with vagotomy cause a reduction in chief and parietal cells number, smoothing of the mucosal microrelief and decrease of gastric secretory activity.