Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
Add more filters











Publication year range
1.
Child Dev ; 87(5): 1436-51, 2016 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27684397

ABSTRACT

This research tests how perceived school and peer norms predict interethnic experiences among ethnic minority and majority youth. With studies in Chile (654 nonindigenous and 244 Mapuche students, M = 11.20 and 11.31 years) and the United States (468 non-Hispanic White and 126 Latino students, M = 11.66 and 11.68 years), cross-sectional results showed that peer norms predicted greater comfort in intergroup contact, interest in cross-ethnic friendships, and higher contact quality, whereas longitudinal results showed that school norms predicted greater interest in cross-ethnic friendships over time. Distinct effects of school and peer norms were also observed for ethnic minority and majority youth in relation to perceived discrimination, suggesting differences in how they experience cross-ethnic relations within school environments.


Subject(s)
Child Behavior/ethnology , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Indians, South American/ethnology , Minority Groups/psychology , Peer Group , Prejudice/ethnology , Social Perception , Students/psychology , White People/ethnology , Child , Chile/ethnology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , United States/ethnology
2.
Biomedica ; 34 Suppl 1: 9-15, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24968031

ABSTRACT

The microbes that infect us spread in global and local epidemics, and the resistance genes that block their treatment spread within and between them. All we can know about where they are to track and contain them comes from the only places that can see them, the world's microbiology laboratories, but most report each patient's microbe only to that patient's caregiver. Sensors, ranging from instruments to birdwatchers, are now being linked in electronic networks to monitor and interpret algorithmically in real-time ocean currents, atmospheric carbon, supply-chain inventory, bird migration, etc. To so link the world's microbiology laboratories as exquisite sensors in a truly lifesaving real-time network their data must be accessed and fully subtyped. Microbiology laboratories put individual reports into inaccessible paper or mutually incompatible electronic reporting systems, but those from more than 2,200 laboratories in more than 108 countries worldwide are now accessed and translated into compatible WHONET files. These increasingly web-based files could initiate a global microbial sensor network. Unused microbiology laboratory byproduct data, now from drug susceptibility and biochemical testing but increasingly from new technologies (genotyping, MALDI-TOF, etc.), can be reused to subtype microbes of each genus/species into sub-groupings that are discriminated and traced with greater sensitivity. Ongoing statistical delineation of subtypes from global sensor network data will improve detection of movement into any patient of a microbe or resistance gene from another patient, medical center or country. Growing data on clinical manifestations and global distributions of subtypes can automate comments for patient's reports, select microbes to genotype and alert responders.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Global Health , Information Dissemination , Information Services/organization & administration , International Cooperation , Laboratories/organization & administration , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Boston , Computer Systems , Data Collection , Databases, Factual , Electronic Health Records , Epidemiological Monitoring , Geographic Mapping , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Humans , Information Services/trends , Internet , Laboratories/trends , Software , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , World Health Organization/organization & administration
3.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);34(supl.1): 9-15, abr. 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-712416

ABSTRACT

The microbes that infect us spread in global and local epidemics, and the resistance genes that block their treatment spread within and between them. All we can know about where they are to track and contain them comes from the only places that can see them, the world´s microbiology laboratories, but most report each patient´s microbe only to that patient´s caregiver. Sensors, ranging from instruments to birdwatchers, are now being linked in electronic networks to monitor and interpret algorithmically in real-time ocean currents, atmospheric carbon, supply-chain inventory, bird migration, etc. To so link the world´s microbiology laboratories as exquisite sensors in a truly lifesaving real-time network their data must be accessed and fully subtyped. Microbiology laboratories put individual reports into inaccessible paper or mutually incompatible electronic reporting systems, but those from more than 2,200 laboratories in more than 108 countries worldwide are now accessed and translated into compatible WHONET files. These increasingly web-based files could initiate a global microbial sensor network. Unused microbiology laboratory byproduct data, now from drug susceptibility and biochemical testing but increasingly from new technologies (genotyping, MALDI-TOF, etc.), can be reused to subtype microbes of each genus/species into sub-groupings that are discriminated and traced with greater sensitivity. Ongoing statistical delineation of subtypes from global sensor network data will improve detection of movement into any patient of a microbe or resistance gene from another patient, medical center or country. Growing data on clinical manifestations and global distributions of subtypes can automate comments for patient´s reports, select microbes to genotype and alert responders.


.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Global Health , Information Dissemination , International Cooperation , Information Services/organization & administration , Laboratories/organization & administration , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Boston , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Computer Systems , Data Collection , Databases, Factual , Electronic Health Records , Epidemiological Monitoring , Geographic Mapping , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Internet , Information Services/trends , Laboratories/trends , Software , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , World Health Organization/organization & administration
4.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 102(1): 24-32, ene.-mar. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-137154

ABSTRACT

Los resultados presentados ponen de manifiesto las cifras de resistencia a los antibióticos en cepas bacterianas aisladas recientemente en hospitales venezolanos. La necesidad de modificaciones a los esquemas tradicionales de tratamiento quedó de manifiesto. Problemas recientes parecen ser la resistencia en gonococco, la sensibilidad disminuida a la pinicilina en neumococo, la resistencia creciente a cefalosporinas de tercera generación en bacilos Gram negativos y el incremento de resistencia a las nuevas quinolonas. El sistema de vigilancia presentado ha funcionado y representa una valiosa ayuda para la selección empírica de antibióticos. Igualmente, permite detectar precozmente cambios de patrón y, gracias a los programas existentes de computación, permite inferir mecanismos especificos de resistencia. Intentar correlacionar estos resultados con patrones de uso de antibióticos escapa del propósito del presente trabajo. Sin embargo, las cifras presentadas invitan el uso juicioso y ponderado de los mismos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ampicillin Resistance/immunology , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance/immunology , Immunologic Surveillance
5.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);12(2): 49-60, abr. 1992. ilus, mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-278118

ABSTRACT

Durante septiembre de 1980 a octubre de 1983, se realizó un estudio seroepidemiológico para hepatitis A y B, en 258 personas en una ciudad (Santa Marta) población de 250.000 y tres pequeños municipios (Santa Rosalía, Julio Zawady y Aracataca), poblaciones de 768.800 y 5.000 habitantes respectivamente. La presencia de hepatitis A se encontró en un 77 a 93 por ciento (IgG Hepatitis A). Hbs Ag o Anti-Hbs Ag en 30.5 por ciento de la población en dos municipios (Santa Rosalía y Julio Zawady), en 2,5 por ciento en el municipio de Aracataca y 48.5 por ciento en la ciudad de Santa Marta. La presencia del agente Delta (Anti-Delta en el suero) se determinó también en estas mismas poblaciones, encontrándose ausente en la ciudad y uno de los municipios (Aracataca), en contraste con una prevalencia de 13,7 por ciento y 22 por ciento en Julio Zawady y Santa Rosalía (P:0.0001). Se escluyeron por historia clínica, antecedentes de drogadicción, transfusiones, o prácticas homosexuales, como mecanismos de transmisión de los virus B y delta. En veinte pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de hepatitis fulminante y en quienes se descartaron otras etiologías se demostró la presencia serológica de los virus de la hepatitis B y Delta. De estos veinte, diez provenían de Julio Zawady y los otros diez de Santa Rosalía. La evolución clínica de esta enfermedad fue indistinguible de otras causas de falla hepática aguda. La mortalidad de estas formas fulminantes de hepatitis alcanzaron hasta un 65 por ciento. Los corticoides no modificaron el curso de esta enfermedad. La población joven mostró mayor compromiso y peor diagnóstico (P: 0.033). La hepatitis fulminante de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta es el resultado de la superinfección con el virus Delta sobre la infección virus B. La aparición simultánea de casos intrafamiliares sugiere una relación importante entre los grupos comprometidos, aunque la forma exacta de transmisión permanece aún desconocida


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis D, Chronic , Hepatitis Delta Virus/pathogenicity , Hepatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL