Acute periocular haemorrhage associated with severe proptosis as a presenting sign of orbital tumours.

Periocular haemorrhage without a preceding history of trauma, and in the absence of vascular malformations is rare. While acute proptosis is well described in the setting of orbital pathology, accompanying periocular haemorrhage has been rarely reported. We describe three cases with these concomitant presenting signs in orbital malignancies - metastatic small cell bladder carcinoma, haemangiopericytoma (solitary fibrous tumour) and myeloma. Clinical photographs and radiology are presented with review of the current literature. All cases had an associated rapid onset of severe proptosis and co-existing periocular bruising on the same side. The presence of ecchymosis of the eyelids in addition to proptosis without a history of trauma warrants thorough investigation to rule out underlying potential sight and life threatening illness.

Corneal Complications Secondary to Involutional Entropion at Presentation.

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and significance of corneal complications at presentation of involutional entropion in an Australian population. Patient demographics and duration of symptoms were collated to assess how these factors related to presentations. METHODS: Case records were retrospectively interrogated at an Oculoplastic Ophthalmology practice over a 15-year period to identify patients with lower eyelid involutional entropion. All patients had ophthalmic examination by an ophthalmologist. Patients meeting inclusion criteria had data collected including detailed assessment of corneal examination findings. RESULTS: The final cohort included 203 patients of which 50.7% were male. The mean age was 75.1 years. Cornea findings at presentation included superficial punctate keratopathy (69%), no change (25.6%), corneal ulcer (4%), and other (1%). One percent of patients had vision loss attributable to complications of entropion. Range of duration of symptoms was 2 weeks to 6 years with a mean of 11.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: At presentation, involutional entropion has mild corneal findings with 95.1% of patients demonstrating superficial punctate keratopathy or normal corneal epithelium. Vision loss is a rare complication and was observed in 1% of patients in this study, all with preexisting corneal pathology.

Bilateral Enophthalmos as an Unusual Presenting Feature of Non-Hodgkin's Orbital Lymphoma.

Lymphoma is the commonest orbital malignancy. The typical presentation is proptosis or swelling, which warrants imaging and confirmation by tissue biopsy. Enophthalmos is a much rarer clinical sign and if bilateral and symmetrical can often present late. We describe a patient who presented with bilateral enophthalmos and symptomatic, secondary entropion due to bilateral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which orbital fat was replaced by a monoclonal proliferation of small B cells. Low-dose orbital radiotherapy and entropion surgery relieved the patient's symptoms.

Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma with extensive necrosis.

Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenomas (LGPA) are benign mixed tumors. Diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings which usually prompts complete excision of the lesion to minimise recurrence and a cumulative risk of malignant transformation. Necrosis in pleomorphic adenoma has been rarely reported in salivary gland PA, either spontaneously or due to iatrogenic interventions. Necrosis is suggestive of a malignant process and makes interpretation of histology specimens difficult. A 23 year old woman, while awaiting biopsy for a mass in the left lacrimal gland, which had been symptomatic for only several months, presented with acute pain and swelling of the left lateral lid. An incisional biopsy showed an inflamed lacrimal gland with focal necrosis and atypia of adjacent cytology and gland architecture. Subsequent excisional biopsy confirmed an LGPA with some inflammation but no necrosis. Necrosis may occur as an atypical presentation in LGPA.

Cutaneous pleomorphic adenoma of the periocular region - a case series.

Mixed tumour of the skin is a rare entity also known as chondroid syringoma and pleomorphic adenoma. These usually present as slow-growing skin nodules with a smooth surface, clear boundaries, and no ulceration. Case series exist describing pleomorphic adenomas in the periocular region including the lids and orbit, separate to the more familiar lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma. These may arise from accessory or ectopic lacrimal gland tissue but in the eyelids are more likely to arise from sweat glands in the skin. Histopathological analysis of these lesions is important to identify complete excision, minimising recurrences and in identifying rare but potential malignant transformation. We describe the clinical features and outcomes in three cases of pleomorphic adenoma with two at the medial canthus (including one recurrence) and one in the brow region.

Current practice trends for lacrimal gland neurotoxin in the management of epiphora-a BOPSS survey.

PURPOSE: Injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA) to the lacrimal gland (LG) offers a simple and effective treatment in the management of epiphora. However, there is little data on current practice trends or uptake as an alternative to surgery. This study assesses current practice trends of such treatment amongst BOPSS (British Oculoplastic Surgery Society) members. METHODS: All consultant BOPSS members were invited to participate in a web-based survey which consisted of 5 questions, with a reminder invitation to participate. The role, dose, potential side effects, use as an alternative to surgical intervention, and impact on service delivery were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-one BOPSS consultants (43% uptake) completed the survey. Ninety percent of respondents were regularly using LG BoNTA in their management of epiphora. The main indicators for considering BoNTA use were medical comorbidities and elderly patients. The mean first treatment dose of Botox® was 3.6 units (SD 1.5). Diplopia and ptosis complications were always discussed in the consent for treatment in addition to dry eye. Twenty-five percent of surgeons reported doing less conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomies (cDCR) due to the availability of LG BoNTA. No respondents felt that the requirement for repeated BoNTA treatments was impacting on their service delivery. CONCLUSION: Uptake of LG BoNTA in the management of epiphora is at a similar rate to all other available treatments. As a result, respondents are performing less surgical procedures, particularly cDCR in patients at higher surgical morbidity.