ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Specimen Handling/methods , RNA, Viral/drug effectsABSTRACT
Genetic variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) could differ in their cancer risk. We studied the prevalence and association with high-grade cervical lesions of different HPV16/18 variant lineages in a case-control study including 217 cases (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or grade 3 or worse: CIN2 or CIN3+) and 116 controls (no CIN2 or CIN3+ in two-year follow-up). HPV lineages were determined by sequencing the long control region (LCR) and the E6 gene. Phylogenetic analysis of HPV16 confirmed that isolates clustered into previously described lineages: A (260, 87.5%), B (4, 1.3%), C (8, 2.7%), and D (25, 8.4%). Lineage D/lineage A strains were, respectively, detected in 4/82 control patients, 19/126 CIN3+ cases (ORâ=â3.1, 95%CI: 1.0-12.9, pâ=â0.04), 6/1 glandular high-grade lesions (ORâ=â123, 95%CI: 9.7-5713.6, p<0.0001), and 4/5 invasive lesions (ORâ=â16.4, 95%CI: 2.2-113.7, pâ=â0.002). HPV18 clustered in lineages A (32, 88.9%) and B (4, 11.1%). Lineage B/lineage A strains were respectively detected in 1/23 control patients and 2/5 CIN3+ cases (ORâ=â9.2, 95%CI: 0.4-565.4, pâ=â0.12). In conclusion, lineages A of HPV16/18 were predominant in Spain. Lineage D of HPV16 was associated with increased risk for CIN3+, glandular high-grade lesions, and invasive lesions compared with lineage A. Lineage B of HPV18 may be associated with increased risk for CIN3+ compared with lineage A, but the association was not significant. Large well-designed studies are needed before the application of HPV lineage detection in clinical settings.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Human papillomavirus 16/genetics , Human papillomavirus 18/genetics , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Genotyping Techniques , Humans , Spain , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virologyABSTRACT
Las infecciones siguen siendo una importante complicación del trasplante de órgano sólido. Por esta razón, el laboratorio de microbiología clínica desempeña un papel clave en el éxito de los programas de trasplante. Estos programas deben tener el apoyo de un laboratorio cualificado, tanto técnica como profesionalmente. Los programas de trasplante condicionan fuertemente la estructura y funcionalidad de los laboratorios de microbiología, pero al mismo tiempo se benefician enormemente del conocimiento generado alrededor de dichos programas. El laboratorio debe hacer un esfuerzo especial en la puesta en marcha de métodos rápidos que den respuesta al amplio espectro de potenciales patógenos en los pacientes de trasplantes sólidos. La integración del microbiólogo en los equipos multidisciplinares es muy recomendable y sólo así se puede obtener la calidad y mayor eficiencia del proceso diagnóstico. En este artículo se lleva a cabo una puesta al día de las técnicas utilizables una vez que se ha realizado el trasplante. No obstante, el papel del microbiólogo es también crucial en el período previo al trasplante, ya que una buena evaluación microbiológica del candidato en este momento condiciona fuertemente el éxito del programa de trasplante (AU)
Infections remain a major complication of solid organ transplantation. For this reason, the clinical microbiology laboratory plays a key role in the success of transplant programs, which must have the support of a qualified laboratory, both technically and professionally. Transplant programs strongly condition the structure and functionality of microbiology laboratories, but at the same time, benefit greatly from the knowledge generated from these programs. The laboratory must make a special effort to implement rapid methods that can respond to the broad spectrum of potential pathogens in solid organ transplant patients. The integration of microbiologists in multidisciplinary teams is highly recommended, as only then can they obtain the highest quality and efficiency in the diagnostic process. This article provides an updated review of the techniques to be used once transplantation has occurred. The role of the microbiologist is also crucial in the pretransplant period, as good microbiological candidate evaluation at this time strongly conditions the success of the transplantation program (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Microbiological Techniques/methods , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , /methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Patient Care Team/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Las infecciones constituyen una de las complicaciones más importantes que afectan decisivamente al éxito de los trasplantes. El laboratorio de microbiología clínica ocupa un papel central en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de las complicaciones infecciosas. Los centros con programa de trasplantes deben contar con el soporte de un laboratorio de microbiología bien capacitado tecnológicamente y con una amplia cartera de servicios que ponga énfasis en las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido. En esta revisión se resumen los fundamentos clínicos que orientan la labor del laboratorio, el papel que desempeña en la evaluación de donantes y receptores y las técnicas diagnósticas a aplicar para los patógenos más relevantes (AU)
Infections are one of the main complications that decisively affect the final outcome of transplants. Clinical microbiology laboratory has a key role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these complications. Centres with transplant programs must be technically supported with a well developed laboratory with special emphasis in rapid diagnostic techniques. In this article, we review the clinical background for the laboratory, its role in the evaluation of both donors and recipients, and the diagnostic methods for the main pathogens infecting transplant patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Transplantation/adverse effects , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Transplantation Immunology , Graft Survival , Postoperative Complications/microbiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Se ha relacionado a diversos virus con el desarrollo de tumores epidermoides de cabeza y cuello. No obstante, no existen estudios previos que relacionen a los adenocarcinomas nasosinusales (ACN) con la presencia de virus. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar, en una serie de ACN, la presencia de virus que se sabe desempeñan un papel en el cáncer. Material y método: Se estudió mediante PCR 37 ACN, para determinar la presencia de ADN de virus de papiloma humano, virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB), virus herpes simplex, virus de la varicela zoster, adenovirus y citomegalovirus. Resultados: Se detectó ADN de VEB en 3 (8,1 %) de las 37 muestras tumorales y ADN de citomegalovirus en 1 (2,7 %) de los 37 casos analizados. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que los virus estudiados no desempeñan papel alguno en la etiología de los ACN
Objective: Several types of virus have been implicated in the development of head and neck tumors. However, until now sinonasal adenocarcinomas (ACN) have not been studied. The aim of this study is to screen a series of ACN for the presence of a number of viruses known to play a role in cancer. Material and method: Viral DNA sequences of herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr, varicela zoster, human papilloma, cytomegalovirus, and adenovirus were analysed by PCR in 37 primary ACN. Results: Three tumors (8.1 %) were positive for Epstein-Barr virus and 1 case (2.7 %) for cytomegalovirus. Conclusions: Viral infections do not seem to play a role in the etiology of ACN
