ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Depressive symptomatology is a predictive variable of tobacco use. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence that this symptomatology has on tobacco use when moderated by emotional attention. METHODS: A total of 289 participants (127 males, 162 females) completed a survey to measure perceived emotional intelligence, depressive symptomatology, tobacco use and sociodemographic variables. Results were analyzed using a multiple regression model that included self-perceived emotional attention as a moderating variable. RESULTS: In women, an interaction was found between depressive symptomatology and gender for predicting the number of cigarettes smoked (t=2.45; p=.01), but not in men (t=-.74; p=.45). This interaction was moderated by emotional attention (t=2.83; p=.005), such that women with medium and high levels of attention consumed a larger number of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: In women, the effect of depressive symptomatology on tobacco use was moderated by the amount of attention that women paid to those symptoms. Such a moderating effect of attention was not observed in men. We recommend that smoking cessation programs incorporate interventions designed specifically for women, in particular to help them manage depressive symptomatology.
Subject(s)
Attention , Depression/psychology , Emotions , Sex Factors , Smoking/psychology , Adult , Aged , Attention/physiology , Depression/epidemiology , Emotions/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Smoking/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Fundamentos: El presente estudio pretende averiguar si las personas que puntúan más alto en impulsividad tendrán más probabilidades de volver a fumar durante los seis primeros meses tras el abandono del tabaco. Método: Se estudió, en una muestra de 92 personas que decidieron voluntariamente abandonar el hábito, las puntuaciones de impulsividad con el BIS-11 y los cigarrillos fumados en los seis primeros meses tras el abandono. Todas las personas fueron sometidas a tratamiento psicológico cognitivo-conductual en grupo y a tratamiento farmacológico con terapia sustitutiva de nicotina. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la impulsividad es un predictor de vuelta al consumo en la muestra analizada. Conclusiones: la impulsividad es un predictor de recaída en personas que desean abandonar el consumo de tabaco (AU)
Background: This paper aims to establish whether people with high impulsivity scores are also more likely to take up smoking again in the first six months after cessation. Method: We studied a sample of 92 people who had voluntarily decided to give up smoking, using the BIS-11 impulsivity score and recording the number of cigarettes smoked in the first six months after cessation. All subjects attended cognitive behavioural group therapy and were given nicotine replacement drug therapy. Results: Our results show that impulsivity is a predictor of smoking relapse. Conclusions: Impulsivity is a predictor of smoking relapse in people who had voluntarily decided to give up smoking (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Smoking/psychology , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Impulsive Behavior/psychology , Recurrence/prevention & control , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Nicotine/therapeutic use , Cognitive Behavioral TherapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the population structure and resistance mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that are highly resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, collected from five Spanish hospitals. METHODS: A total of 162 K. pneumoniae isolates from five hospitals located in three geographical areas of Spain were characterized. The number of isolates from each hospital ranged from 3 to 82. The genetic relationship between isolates was established by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). bla(ESBL) types and other antibiotic resistance genes were analysed by PCR and sequencing. Plasmids were classified according to their incompatibility group by a PCR-based replicon-typing scheme. RESULTS: All 162 isolates carried the bla(CTX-15) gene. Fifty-eight isolates (35.8%) caused clinical infections and 104 (64.2%) were colonizers. Sixty-nine (42.6%) isolates were collected from newborns and 93 (57.4%) from adults. Using PGFE, the 162 isolates were grouped into seven clusters that were further identified as members of the MLST types 1, 11, 14, 17, 20, 35 and 36. Two hospitals each had two different clones and the remaining three hospitals had a single CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae clone. All clones carried different antibiotic resistance genes, including bla(OXA-1), aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB. In four of the seven (57.1%) clones the bla(CTX-M-15) gene was transferred by conjugation; in all cases plasmids of the incompatibility group IncF were identified by PCR. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that multiresistant K. pneumoniae producing CTX-M-15 of MLST types 1, 11, 14, 17, 20, 35 and 36 are spreading as pathogens and colonizers among newborns and adult patients in Spain.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carrier State/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Adult , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Cluster Analysis , Cross Infection/microbiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genotype , Hospitals , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Molecular Epidemiology , Plasmids , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , SpainABSTRACT
Se describen y comparan rasgos clínicos de personalidad en grupos en tratamiento de tabaquismo. Se utiliza, como instrumento de evaluación, el Inventario Clínico de Theodore Millon (MCMI). La aplicación del cuestionario se efectúa a una muestra de 105 sujetos en la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer en Málaga. Se comparan los rasgos de personalidad en el grupo que mantiene la abstinencia y en el grupo de recaída. Los resultados muestran rasgos clínicos de personalidad evitativos, autodestructivos y pasivo-agresivos en el grupo de recaídas. Sin embargo, las personas con rasgos clínicos de personalidad dependiente consiguen mantener la abstinencia durante el tratamiento. Al comparar ambos grupos en personas con rasgos de personalidad más alterados, se encontraron diferencias significativas hacia la recaída en personalidad límite y esquizotípica. Esto sugiere que determinados rasgosde personalidad podrían actuar como factores de riesgo en la recaída y otros aumentarían la probabilidad de éxito en el proceso de abandono del tabaco (AU)
The aim of this study is to describe and compare personality characteristics of participants who quit smoking voluntarily by means of group treatment. The assessment instrument used was the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). It was administered to a sample of 105 persons in Málaga (Spain) in The Spanish Cancer Association (Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer). The analysis consisted of comparing two sample groups: abstinence and relapse. The results revealed a higher rate of avoidant, masochistic and negativistic clinical personality traits in the relapse group. However, people with dependent personality traits maintained abstinence. There were also differences, in the direction of more relapses, in schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. This suggests that certain personality traits could be risk factors for relapse, whereas others increase the probability of success in the process of smoking cessation (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking/psychology , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Patient Compliance/psychology , Personality Disorders/epidemiology , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/epidemiology , Borderline Personality Disorder/epidemiology , Recurrence , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
Clinical personality trait differences in the maintenance of abstinence and in relapses in the treatment of smoking cessation. The aim of this study is to describe and compare personality characteristics of participants who quit smoking voluntarily by means of group treatment. The assessment instrument used was the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). It was administered to a sample of 105 persons in Málaga (Spain) in The Spanish Cancer Association (Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer). The analysis consisted of comparing two sample groups: abstinence and relapse. The results revealed a higher rate of avoidant, masochistic and negativistic clinical personality traits in the relapse group. However, people with dependent personality traits maintained abstinence. There were also differences, in the direction of more relapses, in schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. This suggests that certain personality traits could be risk factors for relapse, whereas others increase the probability of success in the process of smoking cessation.
