A new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and its phylogenetic position

A new subfamily, a new genus and a new species of Bethylidae are described and illustrated from a single individual in Early Cretaceous amber from central Lebanon. Lancepyrinae subfam. nov. represented by Lancepyris opertus gen. and sp. nov. present a mosaic of features common among several bethylid subfamilies. The new taxon is easily distinguished from related taxa mainly by the forewing venation, which has an unusual combination of closed lanceolate marginal cell, Rs+M tubular and well pigmented and M+RS angled. Phylogenetic analysis including indicates that Lancepyris opertus gen. and sp. nov. is a sister group of all subfamilies that have Coleoptera as hosts. A checklist of the 45 known fossil bethylid species is provided.

A new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and its phylogenetic position

A new subfamily, a new genus and a new species of Bethylidae are described and illustrated from a single individual in Early Cretaceous amber from central Lebanon. Lancepyrinae subfam. nov. represented by Lancepyris opertus gen. and sp. nov. present a mosaic of features common among several bethylid subfamilies. The new taxon is easily distinguished from related taxa mainly by the forewing venation, which has an unusual combination of closed lanceolate marginal cell, Rs+M tubular and well pigmented and M+RS angled. Phylogenetic analysis including indicates that Lancepyris opertus gen. and sp. nov. is a sister group of all subfamilies that have Coleoptera as hosts. A checklist of the 45 known fossil bethylid species is provided.

A new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and its phylogenetic position

A new subfamily, a new genus and a new species of Bethylidae are described and illustrated from a single individual in Early Cretaceous amber from central Lebanon. Lancepyrinae subfam. nov. represented by Lancepyris opertus gen. and sp. nov. present a mosaic of features common among several bethylid subfamilies. The new taxon is easily distinguished from related taxa mainly by the forewing venation, which has an unusual combination of closed lanceolate marginal cell, Rs+M tubular and well pigmented and M+RS angled. Phylogenetic analysis including indicates that Lancepyris opertus gen. and sp. nov. is a sister group of all subfamilies that have Coleoptera as hosts. A checklist of the 45 known fossil bethylid species is provided.

Rediscovery of Melanepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae): a new synonym of Epyris

Melanepyris Kieffer, 1913 was proposed to accommodate a single species of Epyris Westwood, 1832, E. imicola Kieffer, 1913, mainly based on the absence of the posterior propodeal carina. Today, Melanepyris includes only two nominal species. The type-material of these species has been considered lost since their original description. In this study, the single known adult male (holotype) of Melanepyris asiaticus Kieffer, 1922 from the Philippines has been rediscovered, redescribed and illustrated. Melanepyris asiaticus is transferred to Epyris Westwood due to the following features: scutellar groove absent, well separated scutellar pits and lower mesopleural fovea large and with undefined upper margin. We checked the original description of M. imicola and concluded that it also fits the definition of Epyris perfectly, except for the (described) absence of a posterior carina. However, the thickness of the posterior carina of the propodeal disc varies within species of different Epyrinae genera. The diagnostic characters used by Kieffer to create Melanepyris and other genera from Epyris are briefly discussed. Melanepyris is proposed as a new junior synonym of Epyris, with the transfer of M. imicola to Epyris.

Rediscovery of Melanepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae): a new synonym of Epyris

Melanepyris Kieffer, 1913 was proposed to accommodate a single species of Epyris Westwood, 1832, E. imicola Kieffer, 1913, mainly based on the absence of the posterior propodeal carina. Today, Melanepyris includes only two nominal species. The type-material of these species has been considered lost since their original description. In this study, the single known adult male (holotype) of Melanepyris asiaticus Kieffer, 1922 from the Philippines has been rediscovered, redescribed and illustrated. Melanepyris asiaticus is transferred to Epyris Westwood due to the following features: scutellar groove absent, well separated scutellar pits and lower mesopleural fovea large and with undefined upper margin. We checked the original description of M. imicola and concluded that it also fits the definition of Epyris perfectly, except for the (described) absence of a posterior carina. However, the thickness of the posterior carina of the propodeal disc varies within species of different Epyrinae genera. The diagnostic characters used by Kieffer to create Melanepyris and other genera from Epyris are briefly discussed. Melanepyris is proposed as a new junior synonym of Epyris, with the transfer of M. imicola to Epyris.

Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo nitida do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

Two species are described and illustrated: Apenesia quelata sp. nov. and A. trivisa sp. nov. New geographic records and data on morphostructural variation of A. membranaceus Lanes & Azevedo, 2004, A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910, A. quadrata Evans, 1963, A. serrulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002, e A. williamsi Evans, 1966 are provided. Two species are synonymyzed: A. laticeps Evans, 1963 as junior synonym of A. quadrata Evans, 1963; A. truncaticeps (Kieffer, 1910) as junior synonym of A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910. The female of A. quadrata is described and illustrated for the first time. Key to the species of the nitida species-group based on males is provided.

São descritas e ilustradas duas espécies: Apenesia quelata sp. nov. e A. trivisa sp. nov. São fornecidos registros geográficos novos e dados sobre variações morfoestruturais de A. membranaceus Lanes & Azevedo, 2004, A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910, A. quadrata Evans, 1963, A. serrulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 e A. williamsi Evans, 1966. Duas espécies são sinonimizadas: A. laticeps Evans, 1963 como sinônimo júnior de A. quadrata Evans, 1963; A. truncaticeps (Kieffer, 1910) como sinônimo júnior de A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910. A fêmea de A. quadrata é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. É fornecida chave de identificação para as espécies do grupo nitida, baseada em machos.

Rediscovery of Melanepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae): a new synonym of Epyris

Melanepyris Kieffer, 1913 was proposed to accommodate a single species of Epyris Westwood, 1832, E. imicola Kieffer, 1913, mainly based on the absence of the posterior propodeal carina. Today, Melanepyris includes only two nominal species. The type-material of these species has been considered lost since their original description. In this study, the single known adult male (holotype) of Melanepyris asiaticus Kieffer, 1922 from the Philippines has been rediscovered, redescribed and illustrated. Melanepyris asiaticus is transferred to Epyris Westwood due to the following features: scutellar groove absent, well separated scutellar pits and lower mesopleural fovea large and with undefined upper margin. We checked the original description of M. imicola and concluded that it also fits the definition of Epyris perfectly, except for the (described) absence of a posterior carina. However, the thickness of the posterior carina of the propodeal disc varies within species of different Epyrinae genera. The diagnostic characters used by Kieffer to create Melanepyris and other genera from Epyris are briefly discussed. Melanepyris is proposed as a new junior synonym of Epyris, with the transfer of M. imicola to Epyris.

Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo nitida do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

Two species are described and illustrated: Apenesia quelata sp. nov. and A. trivisa sp. nov. New geographic records and data on morphostructural variation of A. membranaceus Lanes & Azevedo, 2004, A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910, A. quadrata Evans, 1963, A. serrulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002, e A. williamsi Evans, 1966 are provided. Two species are synonymyzed: A. laticeps Evans, 1963 as junior synonym of A. quadrata Evans, 1963; A. truncaticeps (Kieffer, 1910) as junior synonym of A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910. The female of A. quadrata is described and illustrated for the first time. Key to the species of the nitida species-group based on males is provided.

São descritas e ilustradas duas espécies: Apenesia quelata sp. nov. e A. trivisa sp. nov. São fornecidos registros geográficos novos e dados sobre variações morfoestruturais de A. membranaceus Lanes & Azevedo, 2004, A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910, A. quadrata Evans, 1963, A. serrulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 e A. williamsi Evans, 1966. Duas espécies são sinonimizadas: A. laticeps Evans, 1963 como sinônimo júnior de A. quadrata Evans, 1963; A. truncaticeps (Kieffer, 1910) como sinônimo júnior de A. paraensis Kieffer, 1910. A fêmea de A. quadrata é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. É fornecida chave de identificação para as espécies do grupo nitida, baseada em machos.

Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo brasiliensis do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

Apenesia longa sp. nov., A. peccata sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. permaxima sp. nov., A. perconcava sp. nov., and A. recta sp. nov., from Neotropical region are described and illustrated. Additional material of A. transversa Evans, 1963, A. spinipes Evans, 1969, A. tlahuicana Evans, 1963, A. triangula Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. venezuelana Evans, 1963, A. acia Lanes & Azevedo, 2004 and A. ventosa Azevedo & Batista, 2002 had their structural variations and known distribution broadened. Two new synonyms are proposed: A. peruana Evans, 1963 as junior synonym of A. brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1910); A. subangulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 as junior synonym of A. fulvicollis (Westwood, 1874), and the latter considered in the nitida group. An identification key to species of the group based on males is provided.

São descritas e ilustradas Apenesia longa sp. nov., A. peccata sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. permaxima sp. nov., A. perconcava sp. nov. e A. recta sp. nov. da região Neotropical. São adicionados dados novos de variações estruturais e distribuição geográfica de A. transversa Evans, 1963, A. spinipes Evans, 1969, A. tlahuicana Evans, 1963, A. triangula Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. venezuelana Evans, 1963, A. acia Lanes & Azevedo, 2004 e A. ventosa Azevedo & Batista, 2002. Duas sinonímias novas são propostas: A. peruana Evans, 1963 como sinônimo junior de A. brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1910); A. subangulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 como sinônimo junior de A. fulvicollis (Westwood, 1874), esta ultima considerada dentro ao grupo nitida. É fornecida uma chave de identificação para as espécies do grupo, baseada em machos.

Sinopse das espécies neotropicais do grupo brasiliensis do gênero Apenesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

Apenesia longa sp. nov., A. peccata sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. permaxima sp. nov., A. perconcava sp. nov., and A. recta sp. nov., from Neotropical region are described and illustrated. Additional material of A. transversa Evans, 1963, A. spinipes Evans, 1969, A. tlahuicana Evans, 1963, A. triangula Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. venezuelana Evans, 1963, A. acia Lanes & Azevedo, 2004 and A. ventosa Azevedo & Batista, 2002 had their structural variations and known distribution broadened. Two new synonyms are proposed: A. peruana Evans, 1963 as junior synonym of A. brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1910); A. subangulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 as junior synonym of A. fulvicollis (Westwood, 1874), and the latter considered in the nitida group. An identification key to species of the group based on males is provided.

São descritas e ilustradas Apenesia longa sp. nov., A. peccata sp. nov., A. magna sp. nov., A. permaxima sp. nov., A. perconcava sp. nov. e A. recta sp. nov. da região Neotropical. São adicionados dados novos de variações estruturais e distribuição geográfica de A. transversa Evans, 1963, A. spinipes Evans, 1969, A. tlahuicana Evans, 1963, A. triangula Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. megaventris Azevedo & Batista, 2002, A. venezuelana Evans, 1963, A. acia Lanes & Azevedo, 2004 e A. ventosa Azevedo & Batista, 2002. Duas sinonímias novas são propostas: A. peruana Evans, 1963 como sinônimo junior de A. brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1910); A. subangulata Azevedo & Batista, 2002 como sinônimo junior de A. fulvicollis (Westwood, 1874), esta ultima considerada dentro ao grupo nitida. É fornecida uma chave de identificação para as espécies do grupo, baseada em machos.

Taxonomia de Bakeriella (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) da Bolívia

The Bakeriella fauna from Bolivia is taxonomically analyzed. Bakeriella bulbosa Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. labans Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. vicina Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. absens Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. and B. nuda Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. are described and illustrated. New geographic records and variation data of B. montivaga (Kieffer, 1910), B. reclusa (Evans, 1969), B. incompleta Azevedo, 1994, B. inca Evans, 1964, B. polita Evans, 1964, B. flavicornis Kieffer, 1910 and B. lata Kawada & Azevedo, 2003 are provided.

A fauna de Bakeriella da Bolívia é analisada taxonomicamente. Bakeriella bulbosa Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. labans Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. vicina Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. absens Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. e B. nuda Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. são descritas e ilustradas. Novos registros geográficos e dados de variações de B. montivaga (Kieffer, 1910), B. reclusa (Evans, 1969), B. incompleta Azevedo, 1994, B. inca Evans, 1964, B. polita Evans, 1964, B. flavicornis Kieffer, 1910 e B. lata Kawada & Azevedo, 2003 são fornecidos.

Taxonomia de Bakeriella (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) da Bolívia

The Bakeriella fauna from Bolivia is taxonomically analyzed. Bakeriella bulbosa Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. labans Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. vicina Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. absens Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. and B. nuda Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. are described and illustrated. New geographic records and variation data of B. montivaga (Kieffer, 1910), B. reclusa (Evans, 1969), B. incompleta Azevedo, 1994, B. inca Evans, 1964, B. polita Evans, 1964, B. flavicornis Kieffer, 1910 and B. lata Kawada & Azevedo, 2003 are provided.

A fauna de Bakeriella da Bolívia é analisada taxonomicamente. Bakeriella bulbosa Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. labans Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. vicina Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. absens Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. e B. nuda Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. são descritas e ilustradas. Novos registros geográficos e dados de variações de B. montivaga (Kieffer, 1910), B. reclusa (Evans, 1969), B. incompleta Azevedo, 1994, B. inca Evans, 1964, B. polita Evans, 1964, B. flavicornis Kieffer, 1910 e B. lata Kawada & Azevedo, 2003 são fornecidos.

New species and notes on Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil

Five new species of Dissomphalus Ashmead, 1893 are described and illustrated, all from Espírito Santo, Brazil: D. h-ramus, D. verrucosus, D. laminaris, D. cristatus and D. scopatus. New geographic records and variation data of D. scamatus Azevedo, 1999, D. concavatus Azevedo, 1999, D. rectilineus Azevedo, 1999, D. vallensis Evans, 1979, D. gilvipes Evans, 1979, D. plaumanni Evans, 1964, D. napo Evans, 1979, D. truncatus Azevedo, 2003 and D. cornutus Evans, 1964 are included.

New species and notes on Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil

Five new species of Dissomphalus Ashmead, 1893 are described and illustrated, all from Espírito Santo, Brazil: D. h-ramus, D. verrucosus, D. laminaris, D. cristatus and D. scopatus. New geographic records and variation data of D. scamatus Azevedo, 1999, D. concavatus Azevedo, 1999, D. rectilineus Azevedo, 1999, D. vallensis Evans, 1979, D. gilvipes Evans, 1979, D. plaumanni Evans, 1964, D. napo Evans, 1979, D. truncatus Azevedo, 2003 and D. cornutus Evans, 1964 are included.