Evaluation of Mobile and Digital Single-Lens Reflex Photography for Facial Surgical Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: High-quality perioperative photography is imperative to good surgical planning in facial reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. We explore the utility of an add-on smartphone telephoto lens to avoid the distortions noted in prior studies using smartphone cameras. METHODS: Standard perioperative photographs of the same subject were taken with three distinct cameras using a dual-ring light setup. The three camera setups iPhone 11 alone, iPhone 11 with the 58 Moment telephoto lens attachment, and a D3300 Nikon DSLR APS-C sensor camera with a 60 mm NIKKOR F2.8G ED macro lens were compared using a 47-question online survey consisting of demographic and image-specific questions sent to plastic surgeons. RESULTS: Forty-nine facial plastic surgeons completed the survey. The iPhone 11 alone was identified as having the lowest quality for central/peripheral distortion (83%), columella/caudal septum/alar anatomy (58.3%), and skin quality (38.3%). With the addition of the telephoto lens, the ability to assess all categories was significantly improved. 53.1% (n = 26) of respondents found the iPhone 11 + 58 mm telephoto lens setup to be the most useful for perioperative surgical planning. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone photography with the addition of a telephoto lens can offer a comparable option to the DSLR with regard to photo quality and detail. SUMMARY: A telephoto add-on lens is an effective solution to overcome the central distortion seen in images taken by the iPhone for perioperative photography. This photo quality was found to be comparable to that of traditional DSLR cameras in our survey study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2590-2596, 2023.

Injury Patterns in Pediatric Facial Fractures Unique to an Urban Environment.

This study aimed to define better the clinical presentation, fracture patterns, and features predictive of associated injuries and need for surgery in pediatric facial trauma patients in an urban setting. Charts of patients 18 years or younger with International Classification of Disease 9th and 10th revision (ICD-9/ICD-10) codes specific for facial fractures (excluding isolated nasal fractures) at NY-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 204 patients, most were referred to the emergency department by a physician's office or self-presented. Children (age 0-6 years) were most likely to have been injured by falls, while more patients 7 to 12 years and 13 to 18 years were injured during sporting activities (p < 0.0001). Roughly half (50.5%) of the patients had a single fracture, and the likelihood of surgery increased with greater numbers of fractures. Older patients with either orbital or mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo surgery than younger ones (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.0053, respectively). Cranial bone fractures, CSF leaks, and intracranial injuries were more common in younger patients (p < 0.0001) than older patients and were more likely after high energy injuries; however, 16.2% of patients sustaining low energy injuries also sustained cranial bone, CSF leak, or intracranial injury. In an urban environment, significant pediatric facial fractures and associated injuries may occur after nonclassic low kinetic energy traumatic events. The age of the patient impacts both the injuries sustained and the treatment rendered. It is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for associated injuries in all pediatric facial trauma patients.

Patient, Defect, and Surgical Factors Influencing Use of Ancillary Procedures after Facial Mohs Repairs.

This article determines if patient, defect, and repair factors can be used to predict the use of additional treatments to achieve optimal aesthetic results after repair of facial Mohs defects. An electronic chart review of patients undergoing Mohs excision and reconstruction of facial neoplasms from November 2005 to April 2017 was performed, reviewing patient demographics and history, tumor size, defect size and location, method and service of reconstruction, time between resection and repair, complications, and subsequent treatments. A total of 1,500 cases with basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed. The average defect size was 3.09 ± 8.06 cm2; 81.9% of defects were less than 4 cm2 in size. Advancement flaps were used to repair 44.3% of defects. Complications and undesired sequelae (CUS) were noted in 15.9% of cases; scar hypertrophy or keloid (10.8%) was most common. Postoperative ancillary procedures were performed in less than one-quarter (23.4%) of patients to enhance the postrepair appearance; the most common procedures were intralesional corticosteroid injections and pulse dye laser treatments. CUS were more likely in females (19.6%), defects on the lips (28.7%) and on the nose (27.3%) (p < 0.001 for each). Females (22.7% vs. 12.7%), lip repairs (40.2% vs. 18.3%), transposition flaps (39.2% vs. 14.8%), and repairs performed by a dermatologist (17.9% vs. 11.2%) (p < 0.001 for each) were more likely to be treated with postoperative corticosteroid injections. Females (14.5% vs. 7.4%), patients under the age of 60 years (13.9% vs. 8.8%), and patients whose repair was performed by a dermatologist (11.9% vs. 2.9%) (p < 0.001 for each) were more likely to receive postoperative pulsed dye laser treatments. CUS and ancillary procedures after repair of facial Mohs defects are uncommon. Awareness of individual risk factors and defect characteristics allows the surgeon to choose the most appropriate repair technique while anticipating the potential need for ancillary procedures.

Severe mental illness and retention in anti-retroviral care: a retrospective study.

Severe mental illness (SMI) in people living with HIV (PLWH) may impact on the initiation and adherence to combination antiretroviral treatment. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective folder review of 100 PLWH suffering from an SMI, in Cape Town, South Africa. Information pertaining to whether these patients had attended a six-month visit at the referral HIV clinic after discharge from a psychiatric hospital was obtained. Of the 100 participants, 63 did not attend a first 6-month HIV clinic follow-up. There were no significant differences between 6-month attenders and non-attenders on demographic or clinical variables. After adjustment, respondents who had been re-admitted to a psychiatric hospital more than once were more likely not to attend their follow-up visit compared to those with no re-admissions (1 re-admission: PR = 1.52, 95 % CI 1.00-2.31; 2 or more re-admissions: PR = 1.60, 1.08-2.37). PLWH who have a co-morbid SMI are an especially vulnerable group of patients. Psychosocial support and interventions such as case management may be useful.