The modern view on the role of glyprolines by metabolic syndrome.

The analysis of the literature data and own experimental studies on the effect of glyproline peptides on fat, carbohydrate metabolism, and hemostasis system when modeling metabolic syndrome in animals (rats) was carried out. Violations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism are characterized by hypercoagulation, increased glucose levels, dyslipidemia, and decreased rheological properties of blood. In this condition, the arginine- and lysine-containing glyprolines (PGP, PRP, RPGP, KKRRPGP, RKKRPGP, and KRRKPGP) at multiple (7 days) intranasal introduction had a complex effect on the hemostatic parameters, increasing antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma. All the studied drugs also showed normoglycemic and normolipidemic effects and led to a slowdown or decrease in body weight growth. The analysis of the presented material allows us to speak about the prospects of using hit compounds as protective therapeutic agents. In the case of violations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, regulatory glyprolines protect the body by displaying antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties.

Mechanisms for glyproline protection in hypercholesterolemia.

Comparative analysis of the hypocholesterolemic and antithrombotic action of small regulatory glyproline peptides (Pro-Gly-Pro, Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) was performed on an experimental hypercholesterolemia model of rats. Repeated intranasal introduction of glyproline peptides to fat-diet-fed animals led to more active functioning of the anticoagulation system (the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties of the plasma increased and platelet aggregation decreased) and to normalization of the total cholesterol level as a parameter of lipid metabolism. The largest anticoagulant and hypocholesterolemic effect was detected for the Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu peptide. Hypothetical mechanisms of antithrombotic and hypocholesterolemic effects of glyproline peptides are presented.