ABSTRACT
The regulation of inflammatory responses and pulmonary disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we examine the roles of the prototypic pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL-10 using the rhesus macaque model of mild COVID-19. We find that IFNγ drives the development of 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lesions in the lungs as measured by PET/CT imaging but is not required for suppression of viral replication. In contrast, IL-10 limits the duration of acute pulmonary lesions, serum markers of inflammation and the magnitude of virus-specific T cell expansion but does not impair viral clearance. We also show that IL-10 induces the subsequent differentiation of virus-specific effector T cells into CD69+CD103+ tissue resident memory cells (Trm) in the airways and maintains Trm cells in nasal mucosal surfaces, highlighting an unexpected role for IL-10 in promoting airway memory T cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection of macaques.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Immunologic Memory , Interleukin-10 , Macaca mulatta , Memory T Cells , SARS-CoV-2 , Animals , Interleukin-10/immunology , Interleukin-10/metabolism , COVID-19/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Memory T Cells/immunology , Memory T Cells/metabolism , Immunologic Memory/immunology , Lung/immunology , Lung/virology , Lung/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Interferon-gamma/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
Management of earlobe keloids is still controversial. Many different treatment modalities have been employed; however, no single approach has been completely successful. We used combination therapy that included compression therapy, laser excision, and serial steroid injection, which has improved our therapeutic outcomes for earlobe keloids.
Subject(s)
Ear Diseases/therapy , Ear, External , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Keloid/therapy , Laser Therapy , Triamcinolone/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Body Piercing/adverse effects , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Ear Diseases/etiology , Ear, External/pathology , Ear, External/surgery , Female , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Keloid/etiology , Male , Treatment Outcome , Triamcinolone/administration & dosageABSTRACT
We present an 8-day-old female with two admissions for respiratory failure. On the first admission, the diagnosis of Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) and laryngomalacia was made after assessment with chest radiography, echocardiography, and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Four days after discharge, the child presented with stridor and respiratory distress, and a new cardiac murmur was noted after admission. Repeat echocardiography, with confirmatory direct laryngobronchoscopy, revealed a double aortic arch (DAA) with distal tracheal compression. This case illustrates the necessity of a complete otolaryngic evaluation, including direct laryngobronchoscopy, to search for a synchronous airway lesion in any neonate with severe respiratory distress associated with stridor.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Pierre Robin Syndrome/diagnosis , Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging , Bronchoscopy , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Laryngeal Diseases/congenital , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngoscopy , Pierre Robin Syndrome/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This article will focus on some theories and recent advances to explain chronic post tympanostomy tube otorrhea, a step-wise approach to treatment and future research areas of interest.
