ABSTRACT
Purpose: At Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO), there are approximately 40 000 inpatient anti-infective orders every year resulting over 100 000 dispenses. Significant quantities of anti-infectives are wasted, incurring roughly $100 000 in waste annually. Identifying areas for improvement will result in cost savings and ameliorate the impact of drug shortages. Summary: This descriptive report discusses the reasons for anti-infective waste at a free-standing, quaternary-care, pediatric hospital. The anti-infectives with the highest cost in waste ($) included meropenem ($38 084), micafungin ($21 690), amphotericin B liposome ($15 913). An internal audit of CHCO anti-infective waste revealed that drugs are wasted for the following reasons: patient discharge, medication order discontinuation or change, and misplaced doses. Conclusion: The CHCO Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and the Pharmacy have proposed 4 process improvement measures that will target anti-infective waste to reduce pharmaceutical waste and hospital costs. These measures may be applicable to other drug classes that likely suffer from a similar proportion of waste.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study is the first description of hospital-wide anti-infective use according to clinical indication for a pediatric hospital. Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO) is uniquely poised to examine its anti-infective use after the implementation of provider-selected order indications (PSOIs), which are distinct from Diagnosis Related Group classifications in that they are used for clinical treatment as opposed to final diagnosis codes for billing and thus are more granular. METHODS: This study used our institution's mandatory PSOIs to describe overall clinical indications for anti-infective use. For 2016, all anti-infective orders were extracted from the electronic medical record (Epic), including drug name, route, prescribing unit, and PSOI. We calculated the number of times each drug was associated with each indication and the number of times an indication was attributed to each drug, and then analyzed these data in Excel. FINDINGS: There were 29,258 orders at CHCO in 2016 with at least 1 indication. The most common clinical indication was "prophylaxis-medical/surgical," accounting for 23% of all orders and commonly associated with cefazolin (42% of prophylaxis-medical/surgical orders). This was followed by the indications of "sepsis/bacteremia" and "pneumonia/sinusitis." The most commonly prescribed anti-infectives for nonprophylactic clinical indications were IV vancomycin (14%), ceftriaxone (11%), and ampicillin (6%). IMPLICATIONS: Knowledge of the clinical reasons for hospital-wide anti-infective use enables hospitals to identify targets for improved use through education and guideline and policy development. This description provides better details than billing codes about the clinical reasons anti-infectives are used and offers a useful template for implementation at other hospitals.
