Subject(s)
Dysentery, Bacillary/microbiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Salmonella Infections/microbiology , Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhimurium , Selection, Genetic , Shigella flexneri , Shigella sonnei , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , VirulenceSubject(s)
Aging/immunology , Immune System/immunology , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Antibody Formation/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Industry , Reference Values , SiberiaABSTRACT
A parallel serological study of the blood sera of typhoid patients has been made by the methods of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and the indirect hemagglutination test with a view to establish the presence of soluble typhoid antigens and their corresponding antibodies. As shown in this study, the occurrence of Salmonella typhi O- and Vi-antigens is essentially higher than the content of specific antibodies in diagnostically significant titers.
Subject(s)
Polysaccharides, Bacterial , Typhoid Fever/diagnosis , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antibody Specificity , Antigens, Bacterial , Carrier State/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Humans , O Antigens , Opisthorchiasis/diagnosis , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Serologic Tests/methods , SolubilityABSTRACT
Typhoid infection developing in persons with opisthorchiasis is characterized by the appearance of pronounced systemic immunity, that ensures a more favorable clinical course of this infection and promotes a decrease in the occurrence of diarrheal phenomena and bacteremia. At the same time, in typhoid patients, simultaneously affected by opisthorchiasis, a more intensive release of the infective agent into the environment is observed. This seemingly demonstrates the presence of disturbances in the local protective mechanisms regulating the process of the release of bacteria on the level of the gastrointestinal tract.
Subject(s)
Opisthorchiasis/immunology , Typhoid Fever/immunology , Antibody Formation , Biopsy , Carrier State/immunology , Carrier State/microbiology , Eosinophils/immunology , Giardiasis/immunology , Giardiasis/microbiology , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Leukocyte Count , Lymph Nodes/immunology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Opisthorchiasis/microbiology , Typhoid Fever/microbiologyABSTRACT
The complex study of the adhesive, colicinogenic and antigenic properties of S. typhi of different origin has revealed that adhesive properties can be observed more frequently in the strains isolated from the blood and bile and are completely absent in the strains isolated from feces. S. typhi strains of various origin do not essentially differ in their sensitivity to colicins and in the capacity for their production. Among the strains isolated from feces and bile, agents in the W-form occur more frequently than among the strains isolated from the blood. Escherichia coli, isolated from typhoid patients and carriers at the moment of the persistence of S. typhi in the body, are characterized by faintly pronounced antagonistic properties, enhanced sensitivity to colicins and rather pronounced hemagglutinating activity.
Subject(s)
Salmonella typhi/pathogenicity , Typhoid Fever/etiology , Animals , Antibiosis , Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Bacterial Adhesion , Bacteriophage Typing , Carrier State/microbiology , Colicins/biosynthesis , Colicins/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/immunology , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Salmonella typhi/classification , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/immunology , Typhoid Fever/microbiologyABSTRACT
Infectious granulomas with macrophages containing Salmonella typhi have been detected in the immune organs of the intestine of typhoid patients by means of morphological investigation techniques, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. This suggests that typhoid granulomas form the basis of S. typhi primary carriership complicated by the relapses of this infection in cases of weakened cell-mediated immunity, which is proved by a decrease in the level of T-lymphocytes and by increased leukocyte migration index in relapses of typhoid fever and in S. typhi primary carriership. At the same time, the formation of S. typhi secondary carriership occurs in the process of the colonization of the altered organs and tissues of the body by S. typhi. This secondary carriership differs from the primary one by a number of pathogenetic signs. The detailed characterization of these two forms of S. typhi carriership is presented.