Circular photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film.

We report the helicity-dependent photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film synthesized on the silicon substrates by the chemical vapor deposition technique. The film is composed of multilayer graphene flakes grown along the substrate normal. We measured the transverse photocurrent generated in the film under irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses by depositing two conductive electrodes along the plane of incidence. The measurements were performed by using elliptically polarized fundamental, second-, third-, and fourth-harmonics beams of the Nd:YAG laser. We revealed that the shorter the excitation wavelength, the higher the magnitude of the helicity-dependent transverse photocurrent generated in the film. In particular, at wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, the photocurrent strongly depends on the degree of the circular polarization of the laser beam while, at the wavelength of 1064 nm, the transverse photocurrent is almost helicity independent.

Photoassisted and multiphoton emission from single-crystal diamond needles.

Practical realization of stable and high brightness sources of ultra-short electron pulses is an important issue in the development of time-resolved electron microscopy for the study of ultra-fast dynamics in materials. Here, we report on the experimental investigation of static (in the dark) and pulsed (under illumination by sub-picosecond laser pulses at 1040 nm) electron emission from single-crystal diamond needles. A significant increase of electron emission current was detected under laser illumination. The nonlinear dependence of the emission current on the laser intensity and on the angle between the needle and the laser beam polarization axis suggests multi-photon emission processes. This interpretation is in agreement with electron spectroscopy measurements performed for electrons emitted at different bias voltages and different laser power levels and repetition rates. The remarkable feature of the diamond emitters is their stability under high average power of laser radiation. This provides a new highly efficient source of photoemitted electrons based on single-crystal diamond.

[Degenerative alterations of the afferent artery in long-functioning arteriovenous fistula]. / Degenerativnye izmeneniia privodiashchei arterii pri dlitel'no funktsioniruiushchem arteriovenoznom svishche.

Discussed in the article is the literature data on the background, causes, and mechanisms of the development of degenerative aneurysmatic transformation of the afferent artery in a long-functioning arteriovenous fistula. This is followed by presenting two own clinical case reports concerning the development of pronounced dilatation of arteries during 13 and 25 years of the existence of posttraumatic arteriovenous anastomoses, with a detailed description of the variants of surgical treatment of these patients.

Optical Contactless Measurement of Electric Field-Induced Tensile Stress in Diamond Nanoscale Needles.

The application of a high electrostatic field at the apex of monocrystalline diamond nanoscale needles induces an energy splitting of the photoluminescence lines of color centers. In particular, the splitting of the zero-phonon line of the neutral nitrogen-vacancy complex (NV0) has been studied within a laser-assisted tomographic atom probe equipped with an in situ microphotoluminescence bench. The measured quadratic dependence of the energy splitting on the applied voltage corresponds to the stress generated on the metal-like apex surface by the electrostatic field. Tensile stress up to 7 GPa has thus been measured in the proximity of the needle apex. Furthermore, the stress scales along the needle shank inversely proportionally to its axial cross section. We demonstrate thus a method for contactless piezo-spectroscopy of nanoscale systems by electrostatic field regulation for the study of their mechanical properties. These results also provide an experimental confirmation to the models of dielectrics surface metallization under high electrostatic field.

[Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial aneurysms in lower limbs].

Authors analyzed a five years experience of the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial aneurysms in the Center of vascular surgery of the multidisciplinary military hospital. Authors give the assessment of different diagnostic instrumental methods and demonstrate results of surgical treatment. The possibility and effectiveness of endovascular-traumatic method of surgical correction of this pathology of lower limb arteries are given.

[Treatment of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurism in multi-field military hospital].

For the last 5 years in the center of vascular surgery of Vishnevskiy 3rd Central Military Clinical Hospital 218 patients with abdominal aortic aneurism were treated, 96 planned surgical operations for abdominal aortic aneurism (post-operative mortality 3.1%) were performed. 11 patients underwent urgent surgical operation because of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurism. 1 of 11 patients died at the stage of laparotomy, the second patient died after clipping of ruptured aneurysm. In other 9 cases surgical operation was performed successfully. But 2 of 9 patients died in a few hours after surgery. In summary, 4 of 11 patients underwent surgical operation for rupture of abdominal aortic aneurism survived. The postoperative mortality was 63.6%. Authors gave an example of successful treatment of patient with rupture of abdominal aortic aneurism. It was concluded that successful treatment of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurism is possible only in case of well-run integration of different treatment and diagnostic departments. CT angiography is crucial for instrumental diagnostics of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurism. Successful surgical operation is impossible without organized blood supply service, refusion and donor blood. Artificial lung ventilation, extracorporal detoxication and adequate pharmacological supply help to avoid severe complications during the postoperative period, even in patients with associated pathology.

[Treatment of vascular implants' infections in aortic position].

Nowadays the infection of a vascular implants in abdominal aorta is the heaviest and terrible complication in vascular surgery. Frequency of suppuration of vascular implants in aortic position is from 1 up to 3,5%, with lethality from 21 up to 80%. Average age is 61,4 +/- 4,3 years. In 6 cases, bifurcated system was infected, in other 3--linear. From methods of tool diagnostics the certain value has fistulography. Visualization of an artificial limb at the given research is pathognomonic its attribute infection. The Most significant, exhaustive method in our supervision was a computer tomography with bolus contrast.

[Successful treatment of aneurysm of iliac artery in old patient with widespread atherosclerosis of aorta].

Disclosure of aneurysm of abdominal aorta indicates severity and prevalence of atherosclerotic process which means high probability of combined occlusive affections in other arterial circulations. Authors treated the patient with aneurysm of iliac artery with widespread atherosclerosis of aorta taking into account the abovementioned facts. Right stage surgical tactics assured success.

[Surgical treatment of chronic abdominal ischemia].

The study includes data of 139 patients with chronic abdominal ischemia, due to hemodynamically significant occlusion of impaired visceral aortic branches. The diagnosis was confirmed by aortography, computed tomoangiography and duplex color angioscanning. Immediate and long-term results of 49 reconstructive and conditionally reconstructive operations, 11 transcutaneous endovascular angioplasty, as well as postoperative complications, were analyzed.

Invited article: Electric solar wind sail: toward test missions.

The electric solar wind sail (E-sail) is a space propulsion concept that uses the natural solar wind dynamic pressure for producing spacecraft thrust. In its baseline form, the E-sail consists of a number of long, thin, conducting, and centrifugally stretched tethers, which are kept in a high positive potential by an onboard electron gun. The concept gains its efficiency from the fact that the effective sail area, i.e., the potential structure of the tethers, can be millions of times larger than the physical area of the thin tethers wires, which offsets the fact that the dynamic pressure of the solar wind is very weak. Indeed, according to the most recent published estimates, an E-sail of 1 N thrust and 100 kg mass could be built in the rather near future, providing a revolutionary level of propulsive performance (specific acceleration) for travel in the solar system. Here we give a review of the ongoing technical development work of the E-sail, covering tether construction, overall mechanical design alternatives, guidance and navigation strategies, and dynamical and orbital simulations.

[Topographic-anatomic grounding cervical-distalvertebral reconstruction of V3 segment vertebral artery vertebral artery].

Using 10 block-mounts "brain-base of skull- cervical spine" there were detected morphometric peculiarities of vertebral artery on the level C(I)-C(II) of spines of vertebra and of premastoidal part of cervical artery. Were effectuated 20 distalvertebral reconstructions. Were precised stages and technique of realization.

[Diagnosis and surgical methods of managing patients with chronic abdominal ischaemia].

Presented herein are the findings of examination of sixty-two patients with clinical manifestations of chronic abdominal ischaemia predominantly induced by stenosis of the celiac trunk. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of efficacy of instrumental methods of diagnosis of chronic abdominal ischaemia syndrome, having also investigated the lesions of the visceral branches by the findings of angiography. Also presented herein are the outcomes of various methods of surgical correction: 47 reconstructive and conditionally reconstructive operations, 10 transcutaneous endovascular angioplasties, also considering complications of the immediate postoperative period as well as short- and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of aneurysms of the popliteal artery].

Nineteen patients with aneurysms of the popliteal artery have been operated. Indications and type of surgery were determined on the basis of the clinical picture, angiography and duplex scanning data. There were 19 surgeries: ligation of afferent and efferent vessels of aneurysm with auto-venous grafting (8), resection of aneurysm with auto-venous grafting (5), dissection of aneurysm with auto-venous grafting and coverage with duplication from aneurysmatic walls (3), endovascular grafting of aneurysm (2), ligation of afferent vessel of aneurysm (1). In early postoperative period after open surgical revascularizations thrombosis was seen in 4 (25%) patients. One patient died on day 20 after surgery due to decompensation of severe concomitant disease. The patient who has undergone ligation of afferent vessel without revascularization has discharged after compensation of acute ischemia.

[Extraanatomic reconstruction of the right renal artery].

This paper reviews two clinical cases of a rare type of extraanatomic revascularization of the right kidney by means of establishing a renogastroduodenal arterial anastomosis. The clinical cases presented herein demonstrate an adequacy of the given extraanatomic reconstruction of the renal artery. The indications for such operation are compelled and should be determined strictly individually in terms of each concrete case.

[A favorable outcome of surgical treatment of a patient with thrombosis of the renal veins and inferior vena cava].

Presented herein is a clinical case report of a patient with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, renal veins, acute renal failure, and anuria. The patient was admitted to the hospital two days after thrombosis. Diuresis was reestablished after emergency operation (thrombectomy from the inferior vena cava and renal veins). In the postoperative period, the clinical manifestations of renal failure and inferior vena cava syndrome regressed slowly. After 6 months of the control follow up the manifestations of renal failure disappeared; insignificant edema of the lower limbs was well preserved.