ABSTRACT
Smac/DIABLO protein promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis by inhibition of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family members. The role of Smac/DIABLO in breast cancer has not been yet established. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the expression of this protein in tumor cells from breast cancer patients. The expression of Smac/DIABLO was analyzed in 62 breast cancer patients by flow cytometry. The obtained results were compared with expression of this protein in benign breast tumor tissue, which served as the control (11 patients with fibroadenoma). Expression of caspase-3 proteins in breast cancer was also evaluated. Smac/DIABLO expression in breast cancer was correlated with clinical and pathological data. Although the expression of Smac/DIABLO protein was found in all examined samples of both the breast cancer and fibroadenoma patients, the median expression of Smac/Diablo in breast cancer was significantly lower than in the control (39.1% vs. 48.1%; p=0.0047). Smac/DIABLO expression correlated with expression of caspase-3 (p=0.000008). In pT1 breast cancer patients, expression of Smac/DIABLO protein was higher than in those with pT2-3 (p=0.02). Diffuse cancer infiltration significantly correlated with lower expression of Smac/DIABLO protein (p=0.02). Moreover, there was a loose correlation between low expression of Smac/DIABLO protein and cancer embolus in minor blood and lymphatic vessels (p=0.08). Our results indicate that expression of Smac/DIABLO inversely correlates with the tumor stage, which may suggest that this protein may play an important role in the breast cancer development.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism , Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Case-Control Studies , Caspase 3/metabolism , Female , Fibroadenoma/metabolism , Fibroadenoma/pathology , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Diagnostic microlaparoscopy was performed on 30 patients aged 17-41. Indications++ for these procedures were: sterility (17), tumor of the ovary (5), endometriosis (3), uterine myoma (2), pelvic pain syndrome++ (1), carcinoma of the ovary--second look procedures (1), operative hysteroscopy (1). During these procedures we examined small pelvis and 17 patients were additionally undergone chromotubation. These procedures lasted 8-24 minutes. No complications were noticed during and after operations. Microlaparoscopy were verified by laparoscopy with positive correlation of data. Advantages and limitations of microlaparoscopy were taken into consideration. We presented possibilities of the new diagnostic technique in gynaecology.
Subject(s)
Genital Diseases, Female/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Gynecology , Humans , Microsurgery/methodsABSTRACT
The original technique of laparoscopical Galvin-TeLinde-hysterectomy in patients with FIGO IA1 cervical cancer is presented. Differences between this technique and classical abdominal procedure are discussed. Based on the presented case the authors discuss the significance of laparoscopy in cervical cancer treatment.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Hysterectomy/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Laparoscopic ligation of internal iliac artery was performed in two patients with bleeding from stage II cervical cancer. The hemostatic effect, shortening of convalescence and early initiation of radiotherapy was obtained. Additionally, during procedure the lymph node sampling was performed. Laparoscopy appeared to be an alternative procedure to abdominal or extraperitoneal ligation of internal iliac artery.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Hemostasis, Surgical/instrumentation , Iliac Artery/surgery , Laparoscopes , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Uterine Hemorrhage/surgery , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Ligation/instrumentation , Middle Aged , Palliative Care , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/blood supply , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Laparoscopic ligation of internal iliac artery was performed in two patients with bleeding from stage II cervical cancer. The hemostatic effect, shortening of convalescence and early initiation of radiotherapy was obtained. Additionally, during procedure the laparoscopic lymph node sampling was performed. Laparoscopy appeared to be an alternative procedure to abdominal or extraperitoneal ligation of internal iliac artery.
Subject(s)
Iliac Artery/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Suture Techniques , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications , Uterine Hemorrhage/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiologyABSTRACT
The examination included 1594 children at the age of 3 to 6 from the city Rzeszów (834) and from villages in the Rzeszów district chosen at random (760). There were 865 boys (54.3%) and 729 girls (45.7%) in the group. The size of thyroid gland was measured according to the modified classification of WHO from 1974. All the examined children were in the clinical euthyroid state. Enlarged thyroid gland was found in 369 children (23.1%). Goiter OB was diagnosed in 271 children, I degree in 85, II degrees in 11, III degrees in 2. Enlargement of thyroid gland occurred significantly more often in rural areas (36.8%) than in towns (14.8%). The lowest percentage of goiter was found in 3-year-olds. These results point out that the province is an endemic area of mild goiter. Emphasis was put on the necessity to increase goiter prevention in the Rzeszów district.
