ABSTRACT
The grain boundary groove shapes for equilibrated solid neopentylglycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol) (NPG) with its melt were directly observed by using a horizontal temperature gradient stage. From the observed grain boundary groove shapes, the Gibbs-Thomson coefficient (Gamma), solid-liquid interfacial energy (sigma(SL)), and grain boundary energy (sigma(gb)) of NPG have been determined to be (7.4+/-0.7)x10(-8) Km, (7.9+/-1.2)x10(-3) Jm(-2), and (15.4+/-2.5)x10(-3) Jm(-2), respectively. The ratio of thermal conductivity of equilibrated liquid phase to solid phase for the NPG has also been measured to be 1.07 at the melting temperature.
ABSTRACT
The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes for solid pyrene (PY) in equilibrium with the PY succinonitrile (SCN) monotectic liquid were directly observed. From the observed grain boundary groove shapes, the Gibbs-Thomson coefficient and solid-liquid interfacial energy for solid PY in equilibrium with the PY SCN monotectic liquid have been determined to be (8.72 ± 0.87) × 10(-8) K m and (21.9 ± 3.28) × 10(-3) J m(-2) with the present numerical method and Gibbs-Thomson equation, respectively. The grain boundary energy of the solid PY phase has been determined to be (42.84 ± 7.28) × 10(-3) J m(-2) from the observed grain boundary groove shapes. Thermal conductivities of solid and liquid phases for PY-2.5 mol% SCN alloy and pure PY have also been measured.
ABSTRACT
An athlete's heart is characterized by morphological and functional changes occurring as a consequence of regular physical exercise. We sought to determine if these physiological changes lead to ventricular repolarization abnormalities in trained athletes. Forty-four trained athletes and 35 sex- and age-matched healthy sedentary controls were included in the study. A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained from all participants. Maximum QT (QTmax) and minimum QT (QTmin) interval durations, QT dispersion (QTd) and corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) were calculated for each ECG record. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were found to be identical in both groups. QTmax and QTmin interval durations were not statistically different between the athletic and control groups. Similarly, QTd and QTcd did not differ significantly between the two groups. No association was observed between an athlete's heart and ventricular heterogeneity compared with healthy sedentary controls, despite physiological and structural changes.
