[Chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: a report of two cases]. / Endophtalmie chronique après chirurgie de la cataracte: à propos de deux cas.

Delayed postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery remains a rare complication. We report two cases of patients who presented with marked intraocular inflammation following uncomplicated cataract surgery. The patients did well for the first weeks after surgery (6 and 5 weeks). Both patients presented with visual impairment, inflammatory red eye, and a whitish plaque on the anterior surface of intraocular lenses. Posterior segment examination was normal in both cases. The two patients were treated with systemic antibiotic therapy as well as intravitreal and/or intracameral injections of antibiotics. The exact organism involved could not be identified in either patient. Each patient regained a final 20/25 visual acuity. Based on the clinical courses of these patients, the various possible therapeutic approaches for delayed postoperative endophthalmitis are discussed. This report underlines the problem of reaching the differential diagnosis between inflammation recurrence and delayed postoperative endophthalmitis as well as obtaining positive culture results if the latter diagnosis is suspected.

[Optical coherence tomography follow-up of a case of solar maculopathy]. / Suivi d'un cas de maculopathie solaire par OCT.

Solar maculopathy is caused by sun-gazing without protection and in most cases appears to be reversible. Retinal damage may be caused by photochemical changes combined with a rise in temperature at the time of sun observation. We report a case of bilateral solar retinopathy following direct sun gazing after observation of the partial eclipse on 3 October 2005. A 25-year-old Caucasian man presented 24 h after watching the eclipse with symptoms of blurred vision and a bright positive central scotoma. Total direct viewing time was approximately 5 min. While observing the eclipse, the patient kept both eyes open. On presentation, his visual acuity was 20/25 in his right eye and 20/32 in his left eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a bilateral yellowish-white spot in the center of the foveal region. Static visual field examination did not disclose any absolute scotoma but a decrease in the foveal threshold was noted in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination revealed a bilateral increased reflectivity of the inner foveal retina that was greater in the left eye. This finding was associated with a hyporeflective area of the underlying retinal pigment epithelium: choriocapillaris complex and an increase in retinal thickness. Eight days later, visual acuity was 20/20 in each eye. Funduscopy showed the yellow lesion had vanished. Four months after exposure, funduscopy was normal and OCT scan showed normal reflectivity of all retinal layers in the fovea. However, static visual field examination disclosed a decreased foveal threshold on the left eye. We compare the OCT findings in this patient with the data reported in the literature. Indeed, various OCT findings have been reported depending on the intensity and frequency of sun exposure. This observation demonstrates that OCT appears to be potentially useful in the evolutive follow-up of solar maculopathy, and emphasizes the importance of eye safety during solar eclipse observation.

[A novel mutation of the OPA1 gene responsible for isolated autosomal dominant optic atrophy in two brothers]. / Nouvelle mutation du gène OPA1 responsable d'une atrophie optique dominante isolée chez deux frères.

Autosomal dominant optic atrophy, or Kjer disease, is the most frequent form of autosomal dominant optic neuropathy. We report a novel mutation of the OPA1 gene in two brothers with autosomal dominant optic atrophy and describe their clinical features. The two patients, aged 41 and 37, presented with a bilateral visual impairment that had been detected at the age of 4 in both of them. Their ophthalmoscopic examinations disclosed a bilateral optic atrophy and their Goldmann visual fields showed cecocentral scotomas. The patients thought their disease might be a Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy; however, mutations had ever been sought. When first seen by us, they wished to know whether their disorder might be transmitted to their children. They had a family history of visual impairment. We carried out mtDNA sequencing but we did not identify any primary or rare Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutations. On the other hand, the 30 coding exons of the OPA1 gene and the intron-exon junctions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. A novel mutation of the OPA1 gene was found in both brothers: a deletion of four nucleotides in intron 19, associated with anomalous splicing, demonstrating the pathogenicity of the mutation. These molecular analyses contributed to identifying a novel mutation of the OPA1 gene with a clinical phenotype of isolated optic atrophy.

[Ocular damage caused by industrial lasers. Apropos of 3 accidents]. / Les méfaits oculaires des lasers. A propos de trois accidents.

We report three cases of ocular injury caused by industrial lasers when safety precautions are not observed. These three cases concern engineers working in a research institute and using YAG laser alignment procedure. Damages observed are: a) Macular hole; b) Subretinal hemorrhage; c) Intravitreous hemorrhage. An absolute central scotoma occurred in two cases.