ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mexico is one of the countries with the highest rates of overweight and obesity around the world, with 68.8% of men and 73% of women reporting both. This is a public health problem since there are several health related consequences of not exercising, like having cardiovascular diseases or some types of cancers. All of these problems can be prevented by promoting exercise, so it is important to evaluate models of health behaviors to achieve this goal. Among several models the Health Belief Model is one of the most studied models to promote health related behaviors. This study validates the first exercise scale based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Mexicans with the objective of studying and analyzing this model in Mexico. METHODS: Items for the scale called the Exercise Health Belief Model Scale (EHBMS) were developed by a health research team, then the items were applied to a sample of 746 participants, male and female, from five cities in Mexico. The factor structure of the items was analyzed with an exploratory factor analysis and the internal reliability with Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis reported the expected factor structure based in the HBM. The KMO index (0.92) and the Barlett's sphericity test (p < 0.01) indicated an adequate and normally distributed sample. Items had adequate factor loadings, ranging from 0.31 to 0.92, and the internal consistencies of the factors were also acceptable, with alpha values ranging from 0.67 to 0.91. CONCLUSIONS: The EHBMS is a validated scale that can be used to measure exercise based on the HBM in Mexican populations.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Health Behavior , Obesity/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en qué medida los estilos parentales predicen la ideación suicida en adolescentes estudiantes de bachilleratos en instituciones públicas en México. Participaron en este estudio 172 hombres y 226 mujeres con rangos de edad entre 15 y 17 años. Se aplicó una escala de estilos parentales propuesta por Andrade y Betancourt (2008) y se desarrolló una escala para medir la ideación suicida. Los resultados indican que la ideación suicida y los sentimientos de soledad se presentan en mayor porcentaje en las mujeres que en los varones. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre los estilos parentales del padre con el control psicológico en los varones (0,219**) y en mujeres (0,396**); al analizar los estilos parentales de la madre no se identificaron correlaciones significativas en los hombres, pero sí en la mujeres, y el control psicologico se correlaciona altamente con la presencia de ideación suicida (0,405**). Respecto a los factores que predicen la ideación suicida en hombres y mujeres, se identificó que el afecto/comunicación y el control psicológico son un factor de riesgo (079 en los hombres y 33,5 en las mujeres). Finalmente, las mujeres se muestran con mayor vulnerabilidad y el control psicológico parece ser una práctica de riesgo en los padres para que sus hijos desarrollen ideas suicidas.
The objective of this research was to determine the extent to which parenting styles predict adolescent suicidal ideation in public school students in Mexico. 172 men and 226 women ranging between 15 and17 years participated in this study. A parental style scale proposed by Andrade and Betancourt (2008) was applied and a scale to measure suicidal ideation was developed. The results indicate that suicidal ideation and feelings of loneliness are present at a greater rate in women. Likewise, there are significant correlations between parenting styles of fathers and mothers and suicidal ideation in adolescent men and women. There are differences in predictors of suicidal ideation in men and women.
