[Vitamin intake in the adult population of the Andalusian Autonomous Community]. / Ingesta de vitamina A en la población adulta de la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to know the intake of vitamin A of the Andalusian population and its distribution by gender and age. STUDY SETTING: The sample size was 3680 healthy individuals, from both genders, residents and registered at census of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, with a multi-step, stratified and probabilistic study. SUBJECTS: Men and women with ages between 25-60 years, both included. INTERVENTIONS: By means of a personal interview, health habits of the individuals interviewed were gathered, and a dietary questionnaire was undertaken, which consisted, in the first place, of a 48-hour remembering analyzing dietary intake of each selected individual determining not only the type and quantity of foods consumed but also the way of cooking them and other ingredients, and distributing them according to the different daily meals. RESULTS: Mean Vitamin A intake in Andalusia is 800,63 mg/day. Men have greater intake than women, although the values for both genders are under the recommended (RI) ones. Vitamin A intake decreases with age in men, whereas in women the age group 50-69 years is the one having the lowest intake. 8,84% of women and 15,22% of men have intakes lower than 1/3 of de RI, which may be considered a high risk factor. The percentages of individuals having a likely risk of inadequate vitamin A ingestion (values lower than 2/3 of RI) are considerably high among the Andalusian population. CONCLUSIONS: Mean global intake of vitamin A in Andalusia is acceptable although about 40% of the population may be at risk of inappropriate ingestion, this condition being more pronounced for men.

Dietary oils high in oleic acid, but with different non-glyceride contents, have different effects on lipid profiles and peroxidation in rabbit hepatic mitochondria.

The influence on the lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in rabbit-liver mitochondria exerted by different edible oils high in oleic acid but different non-glyceride phenolic fractions was studied. High-phenolic virgin olive oil from the variety "Picual", the same oil submitted to an exhaustive process of washing to eliminate the phenolic fraction without altering the lipid profile and high-oleic sunflower oil (poor in phenolic compounds) were added to rabbit diets. The results reveal the importance of the different oleic: linoleic ratio of the lipid sources on the lipid profile of mitochondrial membranes. This is highlighted by the greater proportion of saturated fatty acids and the lower content in oleic acid (p < 0.05) shown by the rabbits fed on high-oleic sunflower oil. The group fed on the fat rich in phenolics exhibited the highest level of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, ubiquinone 10) and the highest activity of glutathione peroxidase as well as the lowest content in hydroperoxides and TBARS. The study provides evidences in vivo about the considerable antioxidant capacity of the phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil in rabbit-liver mitochondria and the important role that this non-glyceride fraction can play in the overall antioxidant benefits attributed to this oil.