ABSTRACT
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide health problem because it is a great cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) is involved in the regulation of numerous immunomodulatory processes. Thus, the aim of this case-control study was to investigate the possible association between the TGF-ß1T869C polymorphism and oral cancer. The genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 62 male smoker patients diagnosed with OSCC and 62 smokers without cancer was analysed. The C allele was significantly more prevalent in the oral cancer group than in the controls, and individuals carrying this allele had an estimated 2.73-fold greater relative risk of developing cancer compared with C allele noncarriers (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.19-6.28). Although T allele was not statistically significant among the controls, considering the genotypic analysis, the TT homozygous genotype showed a protector effect in relation to oral cavity cancer (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16-0.84). Some clinicopathological features were also analysed for genotype distribution, and no significant differences were observed: tumour size (P > 0.70), nodal status (P > 0.10) and tumour stage (P > 0.70). This is the first report of a study assessing the importance of T869C TGF-ß polymorphism in oral cancer. It is known that the TGF-ß T869C variation results in a Leu10Pro substitution in the signal peptide sequence. Our results suggested that the C allele could increase TGF-ß secretion which suppresses antitumour immune responses and may affect the OSCC risk.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Mouth Neoplasms/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics , Adult , Alleles , Base Sequence , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Gene Frequency , Genetic Markers , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Male , Mouth Neoplasms/immunology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Protein Sorting Signals/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , SmokingABSTRACT
Caveolae are highly enriched in numerous membrane-bound proteins and caveolin-1 is their major component. Caveolae and caveolin proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes including lipid homeostasis, endocytosis, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women throughout the world. Clinical studies have shown that the correlation of caveolin-1 expression with tumor progression varies with tumor type. The data presented here extend the findings that caveolin-1 suppresses breast cancer but there are controversial studies. The potential function of caveolin-1 in scaffolding signaling factors also demonstrates the importance of its expression control and modulation, correlating with physiological or pathological conditions. Based on current research, this review presents the current understanding of their function and the involvement of caveolin-1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.
