ABSTRACT
Twenty-seven natural product-like polyprenylated phenols and quinones were synthesized and their neuroprotective activity was tested using human monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and SH-SY5Y cells. Eight compounds inhibited MAO-B (IC50 valuesâ¯<â¯25⯵M) and the inhibition mode and molecular docking of two (8c and 16c) were investigated. Compounds inhibiting MAO-B activity were additionally tested for their ability to protect SH-SY5Y cells from peroxide injury. Three derivatives (3c, 8c and 16c) exhibited both MAO-B inhibitory and neuroprotective activity. A structure activity-relationship study showed that a phenolic hydroxyl group and a longer side chain are important for both activities.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Phenols/pharmacology , Quinones/pharmacology , Biological Products/chemical synthesis , Biological Products/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/antagonists & inhibitors , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Molecular Structure , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents/chemical synthesis , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Phenols/chemical synthesis , Phenols/chemistry , Quinones/chemical synthesis , Quinones/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological competitive ability and the incidence of noncontact ACL injuries among high school female athletes. METHODS: A three-year prospective cohort study was conducted using 300 15-year-old high school female athletes with no previous injuries or symptoms in their lower limbs (106 handball players and 194 basketball players). At baseline, their psychological competitive abilities were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire-the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological Competitive Ability (DIPCA.3). After the baseline examination was performed at high school entry, all players were prospectively followed for 36months to document any subsequent incidence of ACL injury, according to their coaches. An unpaired t-test with Welch's correction was performed to compare the differences in the psychological competitive abilities between the injured and uninjured players. RESULTS: Of the 300 players, 25 (8.3%) experienced a noncontact ACL injury during the three-year observation period. The injured players had significantly higher total DIPCA.3 scores for psychological competitive ability than the uninjured players (169.9±18.8 vs. 159.2±21.6, P=.036). Additionally, the injured players had significantly higher scores than the uninjured players in the following categories: aggressiveness, volition for self-realization, volition for winning, judgment, and cooperation. However, no significant differences were observed in patience, self-control, ability to relax, concentration, confidence, decision, and predictive ability. CONCLUSIONS: High psychological competitive ability was associated with the incidence of noncontact ACL injuries in high school female athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II (prospective cohort study).
