ABSTRACT
We developed the 33-item Emotion and Arousal Checklist (EACL), which consisted of five subscales to assess emotions (Fear, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, and Happiness) and four subscales to assess arousal (Energetic arousal + Energetic arousal -, Tense arousal+, and Tense arousal -). This checklist was developed to assess psychological state, both at a given moment and during the past week. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses identified nine subscales, whose internal consistency was indicated by their reliability. In Study 2, the EACL's validity was demonstrated by its correlation with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multiple Mood Scale, General Arousal Checklist, Japanese UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist, and Profile of Mood States. In Study 3, changes caused by tasks that involved either reading emotion-inducing articles or performing a calculation indicated the validity of the EACL for measuring psychological state at a given moment. Further, the test-retest reliability of the EACL for assessing psychological state during the past week was confirmed. These studies confirmed the reliability and the validity of the EACL.
Subject(s)
Arousal , Checklist/standards , Emotions , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of ResultsSubject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Hepatitis C/complications , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Liver Neoplasms/virology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis , Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy , Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasm Staging , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on daily psychological states and salivary cortisol level. First, 42 women recorded their PMS symptoms and basal body temperatures every day for approximately two menstrual cycles. Based on these prospective records of PMS symptoms, participants were divided into two groups: Normal group (n=22) and PMS group (n=17). There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, menstrual period, depression score, and stressor score. Next, 14 women (7 Normal group, 7 PMS group) were selected and they were measured twice, once during the premenstrual phase and once during the postmenstrual phase of their cycles. Each day, they took saliva samples and recorded their psychological states six times (from waking to going to bed) per day at their homes. Results showed that the fear score in PMS group was high in the premenstrual phase, whereas salivary cortisol level in PMS group was low in the same phase compared to the Normal group. These results suggested the possibility of dysregulation of the stress system in women with PMS.
