Subject(s)
Measles Vaccine/adverse effects , Measles/virology , Humans , Male , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
We describe the epidemiology of a pertussis outbreak in Japan in 2010-2011 and Bordetella holmesii transmission. Six patients were infected; 4 patients were students and a teacher at the same junior high school. Epidemiologic links were found between 5 patients. B. holmesii may have been transmitted from person to person.
Subject(s)
Bordetella Infections/microbiology , Bordetella Infections/transmission , Bordetella pertussis , Bordetella/classification , Disease Outbreaks , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bordetella/genetics , Bordetella/isolation & purification , Bordetella Infections/epidemiology , Bordetella pertussis/classification , Bordetella pertussis/genetics , Bordetella pertussis/isolation & purification , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Whooping Cough/microbiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
We assessed the effect of seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (TIV) on pandemic influenza 2009 (pH1N1)-related illness from April to June 2009 among 2849 students (aged 12-18 years). TIV was associated with an increase in the frequency of pH1N1-related illness among subjects (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.89). TIV during the 2008-2009 season increased the risk of pH1N1-related illness from April to June 2009.
Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/virology , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Odds Ratio , Pandemics , Risk Factors , Seasons , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence including asymptomatic infection, infection risk of exposure to patients, and effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) among health care workers (HCWs) during the first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) outbreak in Kobe, Japan in May 2009. METHODS: A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted on 268 HCWs in the two hospitals in Kobe to which all pH1N1 inpatients were directed. Participating HCWs completed a self-administrated questionnaire and provided a single serum sample which was analyzed using a hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody test. RESULTS: Of 268 subjects, 14 (5.2%) were found to have positive antibodies to the pH1N1 by HI assay; only 1 reported a febrile episode. Among the 14 seropositive cases, 8 received chemoprophylaxis. 162 HCWs (60.4%) had been exposed to patients. The seropositive rate (SPR) for pH1N1 of the exposed group was higher than that of the unexposed group, however not statistically significant (6.8% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.197). There were no statistically significant differences in SPR for any PPE. CONCLUSION: The SPR for pH1N1 in the exposed group was higher than that of the unexposed group in HCWs; however, most of these individuals were asymptomatic. There was no statistically significant association between PPE implementation and pH1N1 seropositivity.
