ABSTRACT
This study compares adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on measures of direct and displaced aggression and illicit drug use. Three hundred ninety-six adults were administered the Wender Utah Rating Scale, the Risk Behavior Assessment, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), and the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire (DAQ). Those with ADHD were higher on all scales of the AQ and DAQ, were younger at first use of amphetamines, and were more likely to have ever used crack and amphetamines. A Structural Equation Model found a significant interaction in that for those with medium and high levels of verbal aggression, ADHD predicts crack and amphetamine. Follow-up logistic regression models suggest that blacks self-medicate with crack and whites and Hispanics self-medicate with amphetamine when they have ADHD and verbal aggression.
Subject(s)
Aggression/physiology , Amphetamines/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Crack Cocaine/therapeutic use , Self Medication , Substance-Related Disorders/etiology , Adult , Aggression/drug effects , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ethnology , Black People/ethnology , Female , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Los Angeles/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , White People/ethnologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize the existing evidence on diabetes care within a Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model to evaluate its effectiveness on quality outcomes. Literature published in English between 2005 and 2015 was searched using thefollowing keywords: PCMH and diabetes, comprehensive care, care coordination, patient-centered care, quality and safety, and accessible care. The following databases were searched: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Cochrane Review, Academic Premier (EBSCO), and Psych INFO. The search yielded 96 articles; 11 were selectedfor review. The effects of the PCMH model on diabetes outcomes varied. The heterogeneity of the research designs, practice settings, and quality outcomes limited the generalizability of the findings. The evidence related to diabetes type 2 quality outcomes in a PCMH model is limited yet encouraging. However, future studies should consider longitudinal designs, where outcomes can be observed over a period of time.
