ABSTRACT
The main aim of the study is to examine microbiocenosis of lower respiratory tract and intestine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), lung cancer with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to determine their role in the etiological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTi), including those that develop during cancer chemotherapy (CC), to discuss the possibility of optimizing the treatment tactics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To solve this task were examined 147 patients and 30 healthy individuals were divided into 4 groups, according to nosology. The number of patients in the COPD group was 38 people, m / f-35/3, median age 63 (57; 69) years, in the LC group -60 people, m / f - 56/4, with a median age of 65 (58; 71) year; LC groupwith CAP -21 persons m / f - 17/4, with a median age of 73(69; 75) years, in the LC group with CAP developed in the period up to 30 days after the end of chemotherapy (LC with CAP / CC) -28 persons m / f - 22/6, with a median age of 70 (67; 73) years, the norm group -30 healthy persons m / f- 26/4, median age 48(40,691 years. The spectrum of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) sputum (in bronchoalveolar lavage standards group) and test groups of feces were studied by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis (GLC analysis). Results of the study. In the norm group: total absolute content of SCFA (X) in sputum was 0.032 mg / g, the relative content of acetic acid (pC2) 0906 u, propionic acid (pC3) 0.085 u, butyric acid (pC4) 0.009 u, anaerobic index (Al) -0.104 units. According to the analysis the total absolute content of SCFA in the sputum may be expressed as follows: ∑ SCPA (C2-C4) norm (0,032) <∑ SCFA (C2-C4) COPD (0,201) <∑ SCFA (C2-C4) RL (0,463) < ∑ SCFA (C2-C4) LC with CAP (0.510) < RCMP ∑ (C2-C4) LC with CAP / CC (0.612) (mg / g), the differences are statistically significant when compared with the norm. The findings of the relative content of C2-C4 show a statistically significant increase of the relative content of propionic and butyric acids: PC3 (0,085) pC4 (0.009) norm
Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms , Pneumonia , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/metabolism , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/genetics , Pneumonia/metabolism , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolismSubject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy , Penile Neoplasms/therapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Aged , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Male , Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis , Penile Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Survival data of patients with multifocal breast cancer in dependence on surgical resection volume were analyzed. Two types of surgery were performed: the modified radical mastectomy by Madden and radical resection of the mammary gland. It was stated, that organ-preserving operation in combination with complex adjuvant therapy of the multifocal breast cancer stage I-II did not lead to the decrease of the overall and recurrence-free 5 and 10-year survival rate.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Mastectomy, Modified Radical , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasms, Second Primary , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Comparative Effectiveness Research , Female , Humans , Mastectomy, Modified Radical/methods , Mastectomy, Modified Radical/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
The issue analyses the diagnostics of the repeated malignant lesions of the colorectal region. The study covers the two decades period (1992-2011 yy). Of the observed patients with primary colorectal tumors, 238 showed the repeated lesions of the region. The article focuses on the on-time diagnostics and differential approach to the repeated malignancies of the colorectal region.
Subject(s)
Colonography, Computed Tomographic/statistics & numerical data , Colonoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Colorectal Neoplasms , Endosonography/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms, Second Primary , Proctoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Algorithms , Colonography, Computed Tomographic/methods , Colonoscopy/methods , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Early Detection of Cancer , Endosonography/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Proctoscopy/methods , Prognosis , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
In this literature review we present analysis of various aspects of the problem of cardiotoxicity of antracyclines used for the treatment of the breast cancer. We consider mechanisms of their cardiotoxic action, role of risk factors, clinical manifestations of acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, and dependence of their severity on treatment duration and drug dose. We give data on contemporary methods of diagnostics of early toxic cardiac effects of antracyclines from the side of cardiovascular system. We also conducted assessment of possibility of prevention of toxic action of antracyclines with the use of combination of different methods including dose sparing regimens and schemes of treatment, combinations of drugs, use of cardioprotectors as well as novel preparations from the antracycline group, possessing lesser cardiotoxicity. Clinical and experimental data on the treatment of manifestations of cardiotoxicity with consideration of pathogenetic mechanisms of their development are given.
Subject(s)
Anthracyclines/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Heart Diseases , Anthracyclines/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Cardiotoxins/administration & dosage , Cardiotoxins/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Heart Diseases/chemically induced , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Heart Diseases/prevention & control , Humans , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
A retrospective analysis of case histories made for cancer patients treated from 1980 to 2004 has established 2233 cases of urological cancer. Of them, 540 (24.2%) had polyneoplasia. Urogenital cancer most frequently runs in parallel with neoplasia of the colon, stomach, kidney, skin and prostate. These patients should be adequately examined and followed up to detect primary metachronic tumor early and to treat radically subsequent tumors.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis , Urologic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urologic Neoplasms/mortality , Early Diagnosis , Humans , Morbidity , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Long-term treatment with glucocorticoids led to the development of insulin resistance in experimental animals, which was confirmed by a progressive increase in blood insulin level and decrease in the glucose/insulin index. The comparative study showed that hydrocortisone produced more pronounced and rapid changes than dexamethasone. However, we found no differences in the glucose/insulin index by the 23rd day of treatment with these hormones.
Subject(s)
Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Animals , Blood Glucose/analysis , Insulin/blood , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
AIM: To improve early diagnosis of renal carcinoma (RC) in the course of check-ups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Regular checkups performed in 1980-1999 detected 715 cases of renal carcinoma. Among the patients were 452 male (60.2%) and 263 female (39.8%) patients. Mean age was 66 years. Screening methods for healthy examinees and risk group examinees, RC incidence rate, 1 year lethality and survival were assessed. RESULTS: Mean RC incidence rate in men was 80.9, in women 34.9 per 100,000. Early diagnosis of RC stage I and II made up 58.4 in men and 59.4% in women. Significantly more patients with RC stage I and II were diagnosed at checkup than among those seeking medical advice. 5-year corrected survival in males was 80%, 10-year survival--74%, in females--84 and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Check-up raised early diagnosis of RC stage I and II up to 82.3%. This, in its turn, improved survival of RC patients.
Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mass Screening , Office Visits , Aged , Female , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/mortality , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Russia/epidemiology , Survival RateABSTRACT
In 1980-1995 the authors observed 739 cases of lung cancer. A special screening program on early diagnosis of lung cancer has been developed. The centralized system of the information collection, storage and processing of all the cancer cases, follow-up of all the registered cases provided observed and corrected 5- and 10-year survival. Efficacy of screening and early treatment is shown.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control , Male , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Russia/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Cesium Radioisotopes/isolation & purification , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/therapy , Sorption Detoxification/methods , Animals , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Male , Minerals/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Zeolites/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Thyroid and adrenocortical function was examined in rats fed increasing quantities of iodine with drinking water. No noticeable deviations in thyroid hormone levels were found in the blood of experimental animals. Thyroid hormone levels in thyroid tissue were changing in the same direction in the animals kept on various iodine diets, these changes depending on experiment duration: an increase of thyroxine and more so, of triiodothyronine was observed in 50 days, and reduction thereof in 90 days. In rats fed the maximal iodine dose, 8000 micrograms daily, the level of thyroglobulin in thyroid tissue decreased. Increased iodine consumption reduced the glucocorticoid function of the adrenals in experimental animals, as manifested by reduction of corticosterone levels in the adrenals, blood plasma, and reduction of nonmetabolized hormone excretion with the urine.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex/drug effects , Iodine/pharmacology , Thyroid Gland/drug effects , Adrenal Cortex/metabolism , Animals , Drinking , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thyroglobulin/metabolism , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Thyroxine/metabolism , Triiodothyronine/metabolism , WaterSubject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Colonic Neoplasms/etiology , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids/adverse effects , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology , Rectal Neoplasms/etiology , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control , Rats , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/therapeutic use , Uterine Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/adverse effects , Middle Aged , TabletsSubject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Small Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Small Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Pneumonectomy , Radiography , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The study was concerned with evaluating diagnosis and treatment for small-cell cancer of the lung in 75 patients who had been followed up for long periods of time before tumor detection. Methods of monitoring healthy populations as well as those at risk for lung cancer are discussed. Small-cell carcinoma was identified in 18.1%. Prophylactic fluorography of the chest conducted once a year was shown to fail to assure timely identification of small-cell cancer of the lung in most patients. An extra yearly X-ray examination of those at risk was followed by a rise in the percentage of actively--identifiable small-cell lung tumors to 66.7 while tumors detected on presentation--to 25%. Survival in small-cell lung cancer patients was studied and its median was established at 22 months in stage I--II patients given specialized antitumor treatment, 16 months in stage III and 7 months in stage IV.