Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Igbo language version of the stroke-specific quality of life scale 2.0.

INTRODUCTION: availability of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale 2.0 (SS-QoL(E)) in Yoruba and Hausa, two of the three major indigenous languages in Nigeria have the potential to promote its uptake among these population, however, its non-availability in the Igbo languages makes its use restrictive among the south-eastern Nigerians. This study was aimed at cross-culturally adapting and assessing validity and reliability of the Igbo version of the SS-QoL. METHODS: the SS-QoL(E) was cross-culturally adapted to Igbo following the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons' guideline. This involved forward and back-translations, expert committee review, pretesting and cognitive debriefing interview to produce the final Igbo version, SS-QoL(I). The validity and reliability test involved 50 consenting Igbo stroke survivors. The construct validity was assessed by administering SS-QoL(E) and SS-QoL(I) on all 50 respondents, while SS-QoL(I) was re-administered at 7-day interval to assess test-retest reliability. Each scale was administered in random order. Data were analysed using Spearman's correlation, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, Cronbach's alpha, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), independent t-test and one-way ANOVA at p<0.05. RESULTS: respondents' domains scores on SS-QoL(E) and SS-QoL(I) did not differ significantly except in mobility and work (r=0.58 to 0.87; p=0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.69 to 0.87 for domains scores. The ICC ranged from 0.48 to 0.84, while no significant differences was found across different age groups or gender for the domains or overall scores of SS-QoL(I). CONCLUSION: the Igbo version of the SS-QoL has limited alterations from the original version and has moderate to excellent validity and reliability values.

Healthcare professionals' perception of quality of care of patients with cardiac disease in Nigeria: Implication for clinical guideline, inter-professional education and team work.

Background: Heart disease is one of the leading chronic conditions posing a major and growing threat to the public. Studies on quality of care given to patients with heart diseases in Nigeria are not available. The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' perception of quality of care of patients with heart disease at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: A mixed method design was utilized in this study. Twenty eight healthcare professionals consisting of cardiologists, nurses, physiotherapists and dieticians were recruited into the study through purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire developed and validated from existing questionnaire was used to survey the health care professionals' perception of care and qualitative design was further used to explore their perceptions of care. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages and graphs. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Quality of care was assessed through structure, process and outcome of care indices. Results: The mean age of the healthcare professionals was 38.46±8.988 years. 19 (66.7%) reported that there were treatment guidelines for cardiac disease management but there was no system for internal quality assurance. 18 (95%) out of these 19 healthcare professionals reported that the treatment guidelines were either never applied or not applied regularly during treatment. Other areas that were perceived as poor were poor teamwork, poor staff strength, inadequate equipment, and inadequate consultation with staff during procurement of medical supplies. Conclusion: Quality of care for cardiac patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital was perceived as sub-optimal. There is a need for the improvement of the structure and process of quality of care to enhance quality of care for cardiac patients in Nigeria.

Interprofessional education among Nigerian clinical students: implications for interprofessional care.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is effective for teaching health profession students about the roles of different healthcare professionals for collaborative practice. This study was designed to investigate clinical students' awareness, knowledge, and perception of IPE. A mixed method convergent parallel design of Cross-Sectional Survey (CSS) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was used. Data on awareness, perception and knowledge about IPE were collected using a self-developed, content-validated questionnaire and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale, respectively, and was analysed using Chi-Square, and Mann-Whitney U test at α = 0.05. For the FGD, data were collected from 13 purposively selected students in a Nigerian university and analysed through content thematic analysis. Participants in the CSS were aged 21.9 ± 2.0 years. Over half of the participants (57.4%) reported being unaware of IPE. More than half (73.0%) of the participants that were aware had good knowledge. Majority (93.3%) had a positive perception of IPE. There was a significant association between participants' knowledge and perception (p = 0.008) of IPE; however, there was no significant association (p = 0.051) between their awareness and perception. Also, there were no significant sex variations in the knowledge of IPE (0.371). However, there was a significant sex difference in their perception (p = 0.008). Some of the discussants in the FGD reported being aware of the term IPE. Discussants had at least fair knowledge of IPE and reported that IPE is important; and supports its formal implementation and inclusion in the curricula of study; emphasizing that it should be started early enough in their training. Awareness of interprofessional education is sub-optimal among these clinical students, however more than half of those who were aware had good knowledge. Most of them had a positive perception. There is a need to improve clinical students' awareness and knowledge about IPE by using integrated seminars and implementing IPE into the curricula of their training.