ABSTRACT
HMR1098, a novel KATP-blocking agent, is metabolized to form an S-glucuronide in rat and dog bile. Synthesis of the S-glucuronide metabolite was studied in human liver and kidney microsomes. Recombinant UPD-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) were screened for activity, and kinetic analysis was performed to identify the isoform or isoforms responsible for the formation of this novel S-glucuronide in humans. S-Glucuronidation is relatively rare, but from this study it appears that S-glucuronides are not generated exclusively by a single UGT isoform. From the panel of recombinant isoforms used, both UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 catalyzed the glucuronidation of HMR1098. The Vmax values in both instances were similar, but the Km for UGT1A1 was substantially lower than that measured for UGT1A9, 82 microM compared with 233 microM, respectively. Liver and kidney microsomes displayed similar Km values, but the Vmax in kidney was more than 20-fold less than in liver microsomes, which is suggestive of a significant role for the bilirubin UGT in catalysis of HMR1098, although other UGTs may play a secondary role.
Subject(s)
Benzamides/metabolism , Glucuronides/biosynthesis , Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Animals , Cell Line , Clone Cells , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Glucuronides/chemical synthesis , Glucuronides/isolation & purification , Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics , Humans , Isoenzymes/genetics , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Kidney/enzymology , Kinetics , Propofol/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Substrate Specificity , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Sulfonamides/isolation & purification , Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid/metabolismABSTRACT
The synthesis of (14)C-labeled AVE 0991 ((14)()C-1a) and large-scale synthesis of AVE 0991 (1a) are described. In the key step of the synthesis, the C-C coupling reaction of the imidazole (2) and thiophene (3) building blocks was studied under Suzuki and Stille reaction conditions, respectively. Suzuki reaction gave only moderate yields, whereas the best results were obtained under Stille reaction conditions with up to 64% yield.
