Subject(s)
Drug Substitution/methods , Familial Mediterranean Fever , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein , Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors , Adult , Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Colchicine/administration & dosage , Colchicine/adverse effects , Drug Monitoring/methods , Drug Resistance/genetics , Familial Mediterranean Fever/diagnosis , Familial Mediterranean Fever/drug therapy , Familial Mediterranean Fever/genetics , Familial Mediterranean Fever/physiopathology , Female , Germany , Humans , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/administration & dosage , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/adverse effects , Male , Mutation , Pharmacogenetics , Pyrin/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Symptom Assessment/methodsSubject(s)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone/blood , Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases , Ovarian Reserve/immunology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases/blood , Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases/ethnology , Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Interleukin-1/blood , Research Design , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
Genetic alterations of tumour suppressor genes, for which loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is one mechanism of gene inactivation, are important steps in the development of endometrial cancer. To investigate the clinical relevance of LOH of BRCA1 (17q21), TP53 (17p13) and TCRD (14q11) in endometrial cancer, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based fluorescent DNA technology for the detection of microsatellite polymorphisms was applied. One hundred and thirteen archival endometrial cancer samples with matched normal tissues were examined. Allele loss at three loci were correlated with age, tumour size, lymph node status, metastases, stage, histological types, grade, expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), family history of cancer, previous history of cancer or precursor lesions, and previous history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). LOH for BRCA1 was detected in 18.1%, of TP53 in 26.9%, and of TCRD in 26.3% of informative cases. LOH of BRCA1 correlated with medium grade, positive ER status, and family history of cancer; LOH of TP53 correlated with younger age, high grade, positive PgR status, and with tumours from patients without HRT; LOH of TCRD correlated only with family history of cancer. LOH at all three loci correlated only with grade and positive family history. Allele loss of one of the three tumour suppressor loci did not correlate with disease-free survival (DFS), but LOH of BRCA1 correlated significantly with decreased overall survival (OS). The latter, together with the correlation of LOH of BRCA1 locus with steroid hormone receptor expression, might give a hint to the potential involvement of the co-localised 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) gene in the development of endometrial cancer.
Subject(s)
BRCA1 Protein/genetics , Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics , Genes, p53/genetics , Loss of Heterozygosity , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics , Adult , Aged , BRCA1 Protein/metabolism , Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism , Female , Genetic Markers , Humans , Middle Aged , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolismABSTRACT
Lidocaine has been widely investigated as a local anaesthetic and cardiac antiarrhythmic agent. Articaine is the mostly used local anaesthetic agent in German dentistry. Blood levels of local anaesthetic agents after application in dentistry have been measured only in peripheral venous blood. Concentrations in the target region near the pain receptor have not been investigated. Therefore it seemed worth to compare the concentration of lidocaine and articaine in the upper and the lower jaw after extraction of a tooth as well as the penetration and distribution of the drug in the tissue and bone of the jaw. For this purpose a method for withdrawing blood from the alveolus after extraction of a tooth was developed. First patients were submitted to submucous injections of lidocaine (2.3 ml 2%) into the upper jaw and to mandibular block injection of lidocaine (2.0 ml 2%) into the lower jaw. Correlation between blood levels of lidocaine and the type of anaesthesia as well as the location of the extracted teeth were found. In the upper jaw very high concentrations of both anaesthetics were found and the blood levels of lidocaine in the region of incisors were higher compared to those in the region of molars. In the lower jaw the blood levels of lidocaine were on average ten times lower than in the upper jaw and the highest values were found in the region of molars. Secondly, blood samples were withdrawn from the alveolus of the upper molars 3 to 23 min after submucous injection of articaine (2.0 ml 4%) or identical injection of lidocaine (2.0 ml 2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Alveolar Process , Carticaine/blood , Lidocaine/blood , Anesthesia, Dental , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Humans , Mandible , Maxilla , Postoperative Period , Time Factors , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
Blood levels of local anesthetic agents after application in dentistry have been determined only in peripheral venous blood. A method of withdrawing blood from the alveolus after extraction of a tooth was developed. With a new simple gas chromatographic method with a low detection limit, concentration of lidocaine was determined. A correlation between the blood levels of lidocaine and the type of anesthesia and the localization of the extracted teeth was found.