Perceptions and Perceived Utility of Rural Emergency Department Telemedicine Services: A Needs Assessment.

Background: Access to specialized medical care is often limited in rural emergency departments (EDs). Specialist consultation through telemedicine services could help increase access in low-resource areas. Introduction: The objective of this study was to better understand providers' perceptions of the anticipated impact of telemedicine in rural Midwestern EDs. The secondary objective was to understand differences in the perception of rural and academic providers in their views of the utility of telemedicine. Materials and Methods: We conducted a survey of medical providers including physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners at five rural Midwestern critical access hospitals and within six departments at a university medical center in the same region. The survey addressed opinions on telemedicine, including how often it would be used and the potential to improve patient care and reduce transfers. Results: Specialties of high perceived utility to rural providers include psychiatry, cardiology, and neurology; whereas academic providers viewed services in psychiatry, pediatric critical care, and neurology to be of the most potential value. Academic and rural providers have differing opinions on the anticipated frequency of telemedicine use (p < 0.001) and prevention of inter-hospital transfers (p = 0.023). There were significant differences in perceived value by specialty.Conclusion: There is a high demand for telemedicine consultation services in rural Midwestern hospitals, particularly in psychiatry, cardiology, and neurology. Overall, academic providers view telemedicine services as more valuable within their specialty than do rural providers. Further research should be done to investigate individualization of telehealth services based on regional needs and how disparate opinions predict telemedicine utilization.

Activation and Utilization of an Electronic Health Record Patient Portal at an Academic Medical Center-Impact of Patient Demographics and Geographic Location.

The advent of the online electronic health record patient portal has provided an efficient and practical means for patients to become more involved in their health care. In this report, we analyze how demographic variables such as age, gender, race, and geographic location affect patient portal activation and usage at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, the sole academic medical center in the state of Iowa, a predominantly rural state. Our primary end points were activation of the patient portal (MyChart, Epic, Inc) and access of outpatient laboratory and radiology results, among the most commonly accessed and popular features of the patient portal. We thus analyzed data from 536 378 patients to determine rates of patient portal activation and data from 219 671 patient encounters to determine the frequency at which patients access their online diagnostic test results. Higher rates of patient portal activation and usage were associated with female gender, Caucasians/non-underrepresented minorities, geographic location in closer proximity to the medical center (Iowa City and neighboring cities/suburbs), and nonelderly adults. For underrepresented minority and rural patients, opportunities for improvement exist for both activation and more robust use of online patient portal accounts. Overall, these data highlight existing disparities with online patient portal usage and provide a base on which further studies and interventions can help to improve utilization of these systems.