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1.
Prev Vet Med ; 149: 15-20, 2018 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29290296

ABSTRACT

A cross-sectional study was designed to generate information on the herd level prevalence and the risk factors for Leptospira serovar Hardjo (L. Hardjo) in Yamagata, the southern Tohoku, Japan. Bulk tank milk samples from 109 dairy herds were used to test the herd level sero-prevalence of L. Hardjo using a commercial ELISA kit, which detects both L. interrogans serovar Hardjo and L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo. A questionnaire survey was conducted at the sampled farms, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Spatial clustering of L. Hardjo at the herd level was examined using spatial scan statistics. Seventy-one herds were found to be positive for L. Hardjo, and the apparent herd prevalence was 65.1% (95% CI: 56.2-74.1%). The risk factors for sero-positivity were larger herd size (p=0.004) and cows with a history of staying in Hokkaido (p <0.001). The spatial scan statistic detected a most likely cluster (relative risk=1.87, log likelihood ratio=9.93, radius=13.70km, p<0.01) in the southern part of the study area where there are large herd sizes and farm density is high. This study revealed that L. Hardjo is prevalent throughout Yamagata, and large scale herd owners introducing cows from Hokkaido in particular should be aware of the risk of infection.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dairying , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Japan/epidemiology , Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/microbiology , Risk Factors , Serogroup
2.
Jpn J Vet Res ; 64(2): 159-64, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27506091

ABSTRACT

Water intoxication is a common disorder in calves and is usually characterized by transient hemoglobinuria. In contrast, the condition is very rare in adult cattle, with few reports on naturally occurring cases. In the present report, four female Japanese Black cattle, aged 16-25 months, showed neurological signs when they drank water following a water outage. Hemoglobinuria was not grossly observed, while severe hyponatremia was revealed by laboratory tests. Autopsy indicated cerebral edema with accumulation of serous fluid in expanded Virchow-Robin spaces. These results indicate the possibility of water intoxication associated with cerebral edema due to severe dilutional hyponatremia in adult cattle.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/etiology , Hyponatremia/veterinary , Water Intoxication/veterinary , Animals , Brain Edema/etiology , Brain Edema/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Female , Hyponatremia/etiology , Water Intoxication/complications
3.
J Med Invest ; 58(3-4): 259-63, 2011 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21921429

ABSTRACT

'Awa Odori Exercise--Rehabilitation version--was developed in 2006 for the new trial of physical exercise for the aging and the impaired person with lower balance performance in Tokushima prefecture, Japan. Public relations of this exercise had been spreading over Tokushima since then. The characteristics of the exercise were highly familiar with most of people in Tokushima because of popularity in original 'Awa Odori'. This study proposed the efficacies of Awa Odori Exercise as a rehabilitation exercise. This exercise expected the flexible balance reinforcements and the substitution for walking training with prevention of fall, bedridden and participating restriction for the old people, also promoting the health in Tokushima.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/methods , Postural Balance , Adult , Aging/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Motion , Walking
4.
J Med Invest ; 57(1-2): 81-8, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20299746

ABSTRACT

The Barthel Index (BI) cannot be used to measure initial stroke severity or by extension, to stratify patients by severity in acute stroke trials because most patients are bedbound in the first few hours after stroke, either by their deficit or by medical directive. Our objectives were to clarify the threshold of acute BI for use in the prediction of subsequent independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and to assist in the definition of acute stroke rehabilitation goals. Subjects comprised 78 patients out of 191 inpatients admitted with acute stroke at our hospital during 2006-2007. The BI ADL score was divided into 2 ranges (BI> or =60 and < or =40), in a process similar to previous studies. During the acute period (from onset to approximately 3 weeks), all patients with a BI> or =40 could improve their ADL in 6 months. Patients with a BI< or =40 exhibited two ADL recovery outcomes (improved and no change) at 6 months. We also found that the skill level of basic activities related to standing was significant indicator of BI improvement (P<0.001). BI scores determined at approximately 3 weeks were reliable predictors of ADL disabilities at 6 months.


Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living , Stroke Rehabilitation , Acute Disease , Aged , Female , Geriatric Assessment , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index
5.
J Vet Med Sci ; 70(2): 193-6, 2008 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18319582

ABSTRACT

The effects of mycotoxins on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were added to cultures of PBMCs, and the proliferation responses were measured using MTT bioassays. Suppression of the proliferation of calf PBMCs by AFB(1) and DON was significantly stronger than that of cow PBMCs, whereas there were no differences in suppressive effects on PBMCs from Holstein and Japanese Black calves and cows. The suppressive effect was greatest in the order of DON, AFB(1) and ZEN, and the effects of DON and AFB(1) seemed to be dose-dependent. The results suggest that some mycotoxins directly suppress proliferation of bovine PBMCs.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Mitogens/pharmacology , Mycotoxins/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
6.
J Vet Med Sci ; 68(12): 1251-5, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17213692

ABSTRACT

Blood examinations and genotyping of Factor XI (F11) were performed in growth retardation Japanese Black cattle and their dams. Genotyping of F11 revealed that the recessive homozygous and heterozygous genotype frequencies were 5.2% and 50.0% in the Claudin-16 (CL-16) deficiency group (n=58), 0% and 14.2% in the renal dysplasia group (n=7), 0% and 26.1% in the non-CL-16 deficiency nephritis group (n=23), 8.9% and 46.7% in the hypogenesis syndrome group (n=45), 6.2% and 25.0% in the neonatal weak calf syndrome group (n=32), 9.1% and 38.6% in the respective dams group (n=44), 0% and 23.1% in the normal cattle group (n=13), and 5.9% and 38.2% in total (n=222), respectively. These results showed that the carrier rate of F11 deficiency was high in Japanese Black cattle, and that the CL-16 deficiency, hypogenesis syndrome, neonatal weak calf syndrome, and dams groups had a large amount of recessive homozygous genotype than the other groups. No abnormal bleeding was observed clinically in the present study, and 4 of the recessive homozygous dams showed normal growth and parturition.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/genetics , Factor XI Deficiency/veterinary , Heterozygote , Animals , Cattle , Factor XI/genetics , Factor XI Deficiency/epidemiology , Factor XI Deficiency/genetics , Female , Genotype , Japan/epidemiology , Male
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