ABSTRACT
Phospholipid-modified solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) of Phospholipon® 90G and 90H encapsulating the hydrophilic drug, gentamicin were produced and loaded into three polymeric hydrogels of Poloxamer 407 and polyacrylic acids (Carbopols® 971P and 974P). The SLMs were characterized by morphology and particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, thermal properties, pH, and storage stability, whereas the microgels were evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, pH, drug content, and in vitro antimicrobial drug release against five microorganisms (Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Our results generally showed Poloxamer 407 microgels of P90H and P90G as having the most desirable properties in terms of fast antibacterial activity on all tested microorganisms, in vitro diffusion-dependent permeation through rat abdominal skin, spreadability, pH, and viscosity, superior to polyacrylic acids microgels.
Subject(s)
Gels , Gentamicins/administration & dosage , Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry , Phospholipids/chemistry , Skin/drug effects , Acrylates/chemistry , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lipids , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Particle Size , Poloxamer/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rheology , ViscosityABSTRACT
The antifungal activities of itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine and griseofulvin were tested by broth microdilution methods against 71 isolates of dermatophytes isolated from Nigerian children. Most drugs were very active against all the dermatophytes and the MIC 90 ranged from 0.03 to 8.0 microg/mL. This appears to be the first documented data on the antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates of dermatophytes from Nigerian children.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Child , Humans , Lethal Dose 50 , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , NigeriaABSTRACT
The antifungal activities of itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine and griseofulvin were tested by broth microdilution methods against 71 isolates of dermatophytes isolated from Nigerian children. Most drugs were very active against all the dermatophytes and the MIC 90 ranged from 0.03 to 8.0 µg/mL. This appears to be the first documented data on the antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates of dermatophytes from Nigerian children.
Atividades antifúngicas de itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine e griseofulvina foram testadas por métodos de microdiluição em caldo contra 71 isolados de dermatófitos de crianças nigerianas. A maioria das drogas foi muito ativa contra todos os dermatófitos e o MIC 90 variou de 0,03 a 8,0 µg/mL. Estes parecem ser os primeiros dados documentados sobre os testes de susceptibilidade antifúngica de isolados de dermatófitos de crianças nigerianas.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , NigeriaABSTRACT
Thirty wild fruits, nuts, herbs, spices and leafy vegetables were characterized and their chemical composition determined. Some of them were not only used for food, but for medicine in minor aliments by the natives. Results of the proximate analysis showed that on dry weight basis, the crude protein content ranged from 4.6 to 22.1 percent for spices and herbs, 3.2 to 43.1 percent for fruits and nuts, and 15.9 to 35.7 percent for leafy vegetables. The fat (ether extract) ranged from 7.5 to 36.0 percent for spices and herbs, 1.8 to 72.6 percent for fruits and nuts and 10.6 to 22.6 percent for leafy vegetables. Total carbohydrate content ranged from 34.6 to 71.9 percent for spices and herbs, 11.3 to 76.1 percent for fruits and nuts, and 24.6 to 51.4 percent for leafy vegetables. The wild fruits, nuts and leafy vegetables are high in ascorbic acid (Vitamin C.) Ascorbic acid content ranged from 18 mg/100 g dry sample to 113 mg/100 g sample for fruits and nuts, and 23 mg/100 g to 232 mg/100 g sample for leafy vegetables. The levels for peroxide value and free fatty acids (as percent oleic acid) of the spices are generally low indicating good storage stability of these plant materials. The flavour imparting essential oils (as percent oleoresin) content of the spices/herbs were fairly high and ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 percent.
