Multicenter Study of Outcomes Among Persons With HIV Who Presented to US Emergency Departments With Suspected SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: There is a need to characterize patients with HIV with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SETTING: Multicenter registry of patients from 116 emergency departments in 27 US states. METHODS: Planned secondary analysis of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2, with (n = 415) and without (n = 25,306) HIV. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patient information and clinical characteristics by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV status. Unadjusted and multivariable models were used to explore factors associated with death, intubation, and hospital length of stay. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection status. RESULTS: Patients with both SARS-CoV-2 and HIV and patients with SARS-CoV-2 but without HIV had similar admission rates (62.7% versus 58.6%, P = 0.24), hospitalization characteristics [eg, rates of admission to the intensive care unit from the emergency department (5.0% versus 6.3%, P = 0.45) and intubation (10% versus 13.3%, P = 0.17)], and rates of death (13.9% versus 15.1%, P = 0.65). They also had a similar cumulative risk of death (log-rank P = 0.72). However, patients with both HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with patients with HIV but without SAR-CoV-2 had worsened outcomes, including increased mortality (13.9% versus 5.1%, P < 0.01, log-rank P < 0.0001) and their deaths occurred sooner (median 11.5 versus 34 days, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among emergency department patients with HIV, clinical outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not worse when compared with patients without HIV, but SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the risk of death in patients with HIV.

Relation of Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Extracellular Volume Fraction to Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) represents a major cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and extracellular volume (ECV) by T1 mapping are cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques to quantify fibrosis in HC. The relationships of LGE and ECV with ventricular arrhythmia, left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, and risk factors for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in HC are unclear. We studied 103 HC patients (mean age 51 ± 14, 42% women) who underwent CMR from 2012 to 2014. Global LGE and mean ECV were evaluated in relation to history of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), diastolic function by echocardiography, and SCD risk factors. LGE was present in 71 (69%) subjects. Wide variation was demonstrated in LGE (0.5% to 45.9%) and mean ECV (17.6% to 47.4%). Prevalence of NSVT increased continuously with LGE and was greater in subjects with ECV above the study population mean (27%). Increased LGE was associated with LV diastolic dysfunction and LV wall thickness. In conclusion, while ECV appears to have a threshold (27%) above which it is associated with NSVT, LGE demonstrates a more robust relationship with NSVT and measures of diastolic dysfunction.