ABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to evaluate using the molecular diagnosis, infection transmission rate of HIV in children born to HIV-1 positive mothers as part of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in Benin. The sample consisted of 524 dried blood spots (DBS) of children born to HIV-1 positive mothers, from 30 sites (PMTCT) taken between October 2009 and June 2010. The diagnosis of HIV-1 was performed by the qualitative detection of viral nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) in DBS on filter paper using the Abbott RealTime(®) HIV-1 Qualitative assay. We found that 51 DBS were positive (9.7%) and 473 were negative (90.3%). The failure rate of PMTCT among 420 mothers who received antiretroviral prophylaxis was 6.7% (28/420). This failure rate was significantly higher among children born to infected mothers on antiretroviral monotherapy than on triple therapy (HAART). The results of our study enrich the data in the literature on highly active antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis to reduce the transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child.
Subject(s)
Dried Blood Spot Testing/methods , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Benin/epidemiology , Chemoprevention , Early Diagnosis , Female , HIV Infections/congenital , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/genetics , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/blood , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Male , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mothers , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiologyABSTRACT
L'etranglement herniaire ombilical est repute rarissime en Europe. Il n'en est pas de meme en Afrique noire et au Benin. Les auteurs ont analyse 111 cas de hernies ombilicales etranglees operees en 22 ans chez l'enfant. La moyenne annuelle est de 5 cas. Les hernies ombilicales etranglees chez l'enfant sont aussi nombreuses que les hernies anguinales etranglees. Les enfants de 9 mois a 5 ans ont ete les principales victimes; en particulier les nourrissons de 9 mois a 30 mois qui ont represente 54;96 pour cent des cas. Les hernies de petit volume ont ete les plus nombreuses. Les visceres etrangles (grele; epiploon) ont ete reseques dans 9 cas. La mortalite a ete de 1;80 pour cent. Les auteurs preconisent une intervention chirurgicale prophylactique dans les cas d'engouement herniaires ombilicaux
