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1.
West Afr J Med ; 38(6): 561-565, 2021 Jun 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34179510

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Considerable racial, gender and age differences exist in mandibular parameters, hence anthropometric analyses have evolved to be an important scientific tool in forensic medicine and medico-legal issues. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to determine the mandibular parameters (bilateral gonial angle/ ramus height and the bigonial width) in a sub-population of adult Yorubas with normal occlusion in south western part of Nigeria. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of digital panoramic radiographs (Planmeca ProMax®) of 116 subjects that had routine panoramic radiographic investigation done between January 2015 and June 2020 at two teaching hospitals. Angular and linear measurements of the mandible were made and values obtained analyzed for gender differences. RESULTS: The gonial angle for males (118.08o ) was lower than that for females (118.87o ) but this difference was not statistically significant ( p= 0.3742) while the ramus height and bigonial width for males (61.22mm and186.63mm respectively) were higher than that for females (57.06mm and 179.23 mm) which were statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Males have statistically significant longer ramus height and bigonial width when compared with females. These finding may be useful in gender determination, however, further studies are recommended. KEY MESSAGES: Males have statistically significant longer ramus height and bigonial width when compared with females in the population studied, hence ramus height and bigonial width in combination with other parameters are useful parameters in studies on gender dimorphism.


CONTEXTE RÉSUMÉ: Des différences considérables de race, de sexe et d'âge existent dans les paramètres mandibulaires, d'où l'évolution des analyses anthropométriques pour devenir un outil scientifique important dans la médecine légale et les questions médico-légales. OBJECTIFS: Le but de cette étude était de déterminer les paramètres mandibulaires (angle gonial bilatéral/hauteur de branche et largeur bigoniale) dans une sous-population de Yorubas adultes avec une occlusion normale dans la partie sud-ouest du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective de radiographies panoramiques numériques (Planmeca ProMax®) de 116 sujets ayant subi une exploration radiographique panoramique de routine entre janvier 2015 et juin 2020 dans deux hôpitaux universitaires. Des mesures angulaires et linéaires de la mandibule ont été effectuées et les valeurs obtenues ont été analysées pour les différences entre les sexes. RÉSULTATS: L'angle gonial des mâles (118,08o ) était inférieur à celui des femelles (118,87o ) mais cette différence n'était pas statistiquement significative (p = 0,3742) tandis que la hauteur de la branche et la largeur bigoniale pour les mâles (61,22 mm et 186,63 mm respectivement) étaient plus élevés que ceux des femmes (57,06 mm et 179,23 mm) qui étaient statistiquement significatifs (p < 0,001 et p < 0,001 respectivement). CONCLUSION: Les mâles ont une hauteur de ramus et une largeur bigoniales plus longues statistiquement significatives par rapport aux femelles. Ces résultats peuvent être utiles dans la détermination du sexe, cependant, d'autres études sont recommandées. WAJM 2021 ; 38(6) : 561­565. MESSAGES CLÉS: Les mâles ont une hauteur de ramus et une largeur de bigonie statistiquement plus longues que les femelles dans la population étudiée, donc la hauteur de ramus et la largeur de bigonial en combinaison avec d'autres paramètres sont des paramètres utiles dans les études sur le dimorphisme de genre. MOTS CLÉS: Angle gonial, paramètres mandibulaires, hauteur de branche, largeur bigoniale, Yoruba.


Subject(s)
Mandible , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Nigeria , Radiography, Panoramic , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers
2.
J West Afr Coll Surg ; 7(2): 31-46, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29951464

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The acceptable goal of treatment of bimaxillary protrusion is the retraction of maxillary and mandibular incisors with a resultant decrease in soft tissue convexity. This can be achieved by both surgical and orthodontic treatment methods. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review on the outcome of either method and other associated factors. METHODOLOGY: Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Medline) were searched to identify studies that assessed hard and soft tissues changes in patients treated for bimaxillary protrusion with surgery or orthodontics. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected, and the full-text original articles were retrieved and analyzed. Only articles that fulfilled the final selection criteria were finally considered. Their references were also hand-searched for possible missing articles from the database searches. RESULTS: The initial literature search identified 215 articles while 71 full text articles were retrieved for further analysis. Twenty-four publications were included in the final review. Most of the studies were retrospective with no randomized control trial. The studies showed high heterogeneity in type and technique of space closure, anchorage, orthodontic appliance and surgery. Surgical treatment was carried out for more severe cases than orthodontic treatment. Both methods achieved increased inter-incisal angle, however shorter treatment time appeared to be associated with surgery. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory outcome were achieved with both treatment protocols. However, surgery was more indicated in severe cases.

3.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 19(5): 681-4, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27538561

ABSTRACT

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for up to 60% of all tumors of the salivary gland and 75-80% of all parotid tumors. It has a slow but progressive growth pattern and if untreated can become greatly enlarged in size. However, giant PA is uncommon. We report a case of giant parotid PA of more than 10 years duration in a 60-year-old male Nigerian. A 60-year-old male patient with 10-year history of painless, massive, and pedunculated swelling in the left side of lower face measuring 25 cm × 23 cm × 17 cm in dimension. Computerized tomographic scan and percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology returned a preliminary diagnosis of PA. Superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation via the transcervical approach was performed. The excised mass weighed 5.5 kg while the postoperative healing was satisfactory. Benign PAs may attain a giant size if left untreated. Socioeconomic problems are some of the reasons for late presentation. Adequate excision of the tumor sparing the facial nerve is possible but intraoperative and reactionary hemorrhage are likely complications.


Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Face/diagnostic imaging , Face/pathology , Face/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Socioeconomic Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 17(1): 6-9, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24326798

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adequate knowledge and awareness of cleft lip and palate (CLP) deformity may help to counter the negative beliefs and attitudes toward the condition. The objective of this study was to assess the level of awareness, knowledge and attitude of women attending antenatal clinics about CLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study with the aid of a structured interview administered questionnaire was conducted among 200 women attending antenatal clinics in three Federal Government Teaching Hospitals in the Northern and Southwestern regions of Nigeria. The main outcome measure was the level of awareness and the mean cumulative knowledge score. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 28.9 ± 5.1 years (age range: 16-42 years). Half of the women (50.5%) reported that they had seen or heard about CLP. The mean cumulative knowledge score was 6.9, with only 19.8% having adequate knowledge. Many respondents had neither read an article on CLP nor participated in any public enlightenment program, and 31.5% indicated that they would like to know more about the condition. Level of educational attainment had a statistically significant effect on the level of awareness and knowledge on CLP, as more educated respondents tend to be more aware and knowledgeable ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is need for increased public enlightenment/health education to increase awareness and subsequently help develop more positive attitudes toward children with CLP. Such programs should include distribution of pamphlets on CLP at clinics, especially antenatal clinics, media campaigns on radio, TV and newspaper as well as establishment of cleft support groups by the relevant governmental and professional organizations.


Subject(s)
Awareness , Cleft Lip/psychology , Cleft Palate/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Prenatal Care/methods , Tertiary Care Centers , Adolescent , Adult , Cleft Lip/epidemiology , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Nigeria/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
5.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 19(3): 133-6, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23064167

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is frequently used to enhance wound healing in numerous surgical applications. There are many methods of preparation of PRP. The present report describes a laboratory technique which is rapid, simple and inexpensive for preparing PRP from small volume of whole blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole blood was drawn from 30 patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. PRP was prepared by the modified open system. Platelet counts for whole blood and PRP were determined using a cell counter. RESULTS: The data from 30 patients aged 20 to 33 years, with a mean of 24.4 (± 3.3) and male : female ratio of 1:1.1, were analysed. The platelet count in PRP was 3,157,667 ± 984,380 while that in whole blood was 268,667 (± 64,678) platelets /cubic ml, reflecting an 11-fold increase in platelet concentration. No effect of gender or ageing on platelet count was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a simple, rapid and inexpensive technique that is useful in obtaining platelets concentrated approximately 11-fold.


Subject(s)
Blood Preservation/methods , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Oral Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Platelet-Rich Plasma/physiology , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Wound Healing , Adult , Centrifugation/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Organ Preservation Solutions/pharmacology , Platelet Activation , Platelet Count , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Preoperative Care/methods , Time Factors , Wound Healing/drug effects , Wound Healing/physiology
6.
Nig Q J Hosp Med ; 22(3): 216-20, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24564100

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dentists need to be aware of the management of dentine sensitivity in view of its high prevalence. OBJECTIVE: The study is to determine by questionnaire the perception of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) and its management by Nigerian Dentists. METHOD: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 176 Nigerian Dentists who attended professional dental workshops in Lagos, Ife and Jos, Nigeria. RESULTS: The majority (73.3%) of the responding dentists claimed to see patients with DH. Nearly half (45.1%) of the dentists mentioned cold as the commonest stimulus evoking pain in DH while 56.8% could correctly identified the hydrodynamic theory as the commonest theory of tooth hypersensitivity. Multifactorial aetiology identified as causing DH included tooth wear lesions, periodontal causes and bruxism. Treatment options suggested varies but non-invasive was mentioned more than the invasive techniques. Sensodyne toothpaste was the commonest desensitising paste mentioned. The knowledge of Nigerian Dentists was found to be associated with the specialty of the practitioners (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: Dental Practitioners, especially the General Dental Practitioners should be enthusiastic in updating their knowledge of DH and the management. Prevention of DH by the Patients and the Dentists should be emphasised.


Subject(s)
Dentin Sensitivity/prevention & control , Practice Patterns, Dentists'/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Dentin Sensitivity/epidemiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Nig Q J Hosp Med ; 18(2): 87-91, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19068559

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lymphoedema is a clinical condition involving the extremities that is characterized by accumulation of protein rich fluid within the intercellular space of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. It most frequently occurs in the extremities. Developing countries are mostly faced with cases of secondary lymphoedema where patients present lately. In addition to swollen limbs, there are lot of skin changes on the affected limb, these create a lot of problems to the managing clinician. We hereby present five cases out of several patients managed to highlight the challenges. METHODS: We review the case notes of three patients managed by our unit and present the summary of each patient. RESULT: Majority of our patients present late to the hospital, mainly because of the socio-cultural and spiritual beliefs concerning the aetiology of the condition. Most of them have visited the spiritualist, herbalist and the clergymen for solution. Clinicians in the developing countries are seriously handicapped by lack of modern equipment for both diagnostic and therapeutic management of these clinical conditions. CONCLUSION: Chronic lymphoedema is a major cause of permanent disability. Excisional surgery such as Charles procedure even though old is still very much relevant in our environment. Patients need to be enlightened on the need for early presentation, adequate post-operative care and prolonged follow-up.


Subject(s)
Leg/pathology , Lymphedema/surgery , Adult , Developing Countries , Female , Humans , Leg/surgery , Lymphedema/epidemiology , Lymphedema/pathology , Lymphedema/therapy , Male , Risk Factors , Stockings, Compression
8.
West Afr J Med ; 26(2): 126-30, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17939314

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections of the head and neck region remain a major public health concern in Nigeria despite the availability and widespread use of antibiotics in the country. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the pattern, aetiology, management and outcome of head and neck fascial space infections at Ife. METHODS: All consecutive patients who presented with fascial space infections between January 1995 and July 2004 at the Maxillofacial Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria were admitted into the study. A structured questionnaire was completed for each patient and analyzed in respect of patients' demographics, source of infection, predisposing factors, location of infection; treatment and outcome. RESULTS: One hundred and three patients were managed during the study period. There were 55(53.4%) males and 48(46.6%) females with age ranging from 1-85 years. Submandibular space was the most common single space involved followed by the buccal space. The fascial spaces around the mandible were more involved those around the maxillae and scalp for all age groups. Four patients presented with Ludwigs' angina. Odontogenic infections arising from pulpitis, periodontitis and pericoronitis caused over 70% of the space infections. Microbial cultures showed mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology. Management was by incision and drainage/decompression, removal of the source, use of antibiotics and supportive care. Two deaths were recorded in the course of this study. CONCLUSION: Bacterial infections of the head and neck region remain a major health hazard among Nigerians with spread of infection commonly involving the submandibular and the buccal spaces.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Face/microbiology , Head/microbiology , Neck/microbiology , Public Health , Treatment Outcome , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Inj Prev ; 12(4): 266-8, 2006 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16887951

ABSTRACT

At a Nigerian university hospital, none of the motorcyclists who presented over a 12 month period had been wearing a helmet, and of the eight patients who died, seven had head injuries. Of the five collision types described, the rate of motorcycle-other vehicle collisions was highest at 40.6%, while the motorcycle-pedestrian rate was 23.4%. Measures to prevent these collisions might reduce overall crashes by 64%; in addition, helmet law should be enforced.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic , Head Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Child , Child, Preschool , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Motorcycles , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control
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